Coccidiosis renal<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nMuerte s\u00fabita<\/h2>\n
Los principales diagn\u00f3sticos diferenciales para la muerte aguda a hiperaguda en las aves acu\u00e1ticas pueden incluir:<\/p>\n
\n- Trauma<\/strong><\/li>\n
- Intoxicaci\u00f3n por pesticidas<\/strong><\/li>\n
- Enfermedad renal cr\u00f3nica, la gota<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/a>
\nOtras posibles causas de muerte s\u00fabita incluyen:<\/p>\n\n\n- Aspergilosis<\/a> (las aves j\u00f3venes pueden morir de forma hiperaguda)<\/li>\n
- Colibacilosis<\/a> (patos)<\/li>\n
- C\u00f3lera aviar<\/li>\n
- Pasteurelosis o septicemia de los patosPasteurella anatipestifer<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n
En una nueva enfermedad en los patos o septicemia causada por P. anatipestifer<\/em>, los patitos por lo general mueren dentro de 6-12 horas despu\u00e9s de la aparici\u00f3n de los signos cl\u00ednicos. La muerte aguda se observa en las aves de mayor edad.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n- Coccidiosis renal (Eimeria truncata<\/em>)<\/li>\n
- Leucocytozoan simondi<\/em><\/li>\n
- Enteritis viral del pato<\/li>\n
- Hepatitis viral del pato tipo 1 (tasas de mortalidad de hasta el 100% en patitos menores de 1 semana de edad)<\/li>\n
- Toxinas de algas verdiazules<\/li>\n
- Amiloidosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/a><\/p>\n\n
\n\n\n\t| Box 1. Fowl Cholera or Avian Cholera<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
\n\n\tFowl cholera, or disease caused by Pasteurella multocida<\/em>, has been reported in many bird species and occurs primarily in free-ranging populations. Dramatic outbreaks, sometimes killing thousands of birds, are reported annually in North America. Although losses can occur any time of the year, outbreaks typically occur during the winter or spring in northern California, Oregon, Nebraska, as well as the Texas panhandle.
\n
\nBacteria are shed in feces and bodily secretions such as oculonasal discharge and oral discharge. Infection is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food and water, inhalation, or less commonly inoculation of feet by contaminated debris.
\n
\nIn the acute form of disease, some birds may be found dead. Clinical signs can also include:
\n
\n- Fluffed and ruffled feathers<\/li>
\n - Mucoid discharge from the eyes, mouth, and vent<\/li>
\n - Pasty yellow or blood stained diarrhea<\/li>
\n - Tachypnea<\/li>
\n<\/ul>
\nDeath rapidly follows the onset of clinical signs with birds frequently dying within
\n6 to 12 hours.
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\nChronic fowl cholera can follow an acute outbreak or may arise from a less virulent strain. Clinical signs vary and are related to focal disease like septic arthritis, sinusitis, or respiratory infection. Chronically infected, free-flying birds are the likely source of infection for captive poultry and waterfowl.
\n
\nThe classic necropsy<\/a> finding for the acute form of disease is a bird in good flesh with abundant fat reserves.
\n
\n- Petechial and ecchmyotic hemorrhages are often found on the heart or in the coronary groove<\/li>
\n - Hemorrhages may also be present in the ventriculus, lungs, abdominal fat, and intestinal mucosa<\/li>
\n - The liver may be swollen and friable with multifocal areas of necrosis<\/li>
\n - The distal gastrointestinal tract may contain thick, yellow or bloody fluid laden with P. multocida<\/em><\/li>
\n<\/ul>
\nChronic fowl cholera lesions usually involve focal infections with caseous exudate.
\n
\nImportant differential diagnoses include duck virus enteritis, erysipelas, E. coli<\/em> and other bacteremias. Diagnosis relies upon consistent clinical signs, gross necropsy findings, and culture of P. multocida<\/em> from intestinal fluid or bone marrow. Wright\u2019s stain can also be used to demonstrate bipolar rods in heart blood or liver impression smears.
\n
\nAntimicrobials commonly used against P. multocida<\/em> include beta-lactam antibiotics, oxytetracycline (50 mg IM followed by 500 g\/ton feed x 30d), or enrofloxacin (5 mg\/kg PO, IM, SC q12h). Management of disease also relies upon prompt removal and incineration of carcasses as well as cleaning the environment.
\n
\nPasteurella multocida<\/em> can live in the environment for up to 3 months, however the organism is easily destroyed by common disinfectants, sunlight, drying, and heat. Therefore good sanitation practices are an important part of disease prevention and control. Additional helpful measures include:
\n
\n- Eliminate carrier birds<\/li>
\n - Maintain closed flocks<\/li>
\n - Avoid mixing bird species <\/li>
\n<\/ul>
\nA bacterin is available for valuable flocks with persistent problems.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
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![\"Female](\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/rouen-duck.jpg\")
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