{"id":23224,"date":"2011-02-25T06:00:25","date_gmt":"2011-02-25T06:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/?p=23224"},"modified":"2020-05-05T17:41:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-05T22:41:00","slug":"fiche-dinformation-de-base-leopard-gecko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fr\/fiche-dinformation-de-base-leopard-gecko\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche d\u2019informations de base : Gecko L\u00e9opard"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gecko L\u00e9opard (Eublepharis macularius<\/em>)<\/h1>\n

\"Gecko<\/a>
\n

<\/p>\n

Biologie<\/h2>\n

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\n


\nLes geckos l\u00e9opards sont originaires des prairies et des d\u00e9sert de l’Inde et du Pakistan. La grande majorit\u00e9 des animaux que l\u2019on retrouve chez les particuliers proviennent d\u2019\u0153ufs incub\u00e9s dans les \u00e9levages. Les geckos l\u00e9opards sont des l\u00e9zards terrestres nocturnes, \u00e0 longue dur\u00e9e de vie, et qui font d’excellents animaux de compagnie.
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Taxonomie<\/h2>\n

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\n


\nClasse<\/strong>: Reptilia<\/em><\/p>\n

Ordre<\/strong>: Squamata<\/em><\/p>\n

Famille<\/strong>: Gekkonidae<\/em><\/p>\n

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\n
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Couleur et Taille<\/h2>\n

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\n


\nLe ph\u00e9notype sauvage du gecko l\u00e9opard est jaune avec un motif variable de pigment fonc\u00e9 qui tend \u00e0 \u00eatre former des bandes chez les juv\u00e9niles et r\u00e9ticul\u00e9e chez les adultes. Il existe beaucoup d’autres couleurs et motifs appel\u00e9 morphes ou phases que l\u2019on retrouve chez cette esp\u00e8ce, comme par exemple les albinos, les patternless ou leucistic (avec seulement de faibles traces de couleur jaune sans motifs), les ray\u00e9 et jaune. Les adultes font g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 16,5 \u00e0 20 cm de long.
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R\u00e9gime alimentaire<\/h2>\n

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    \n
  • Les geckos l\u00e9opards doivent \u00eatre nourris avec une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d’insectes compl\u00e9ment\u00e9 en calcium (ou au minimum saupoudr\u00e9 en calcium) de taille appropri\u00e9e. Des grillons, des larves de Hermetia illucens<\/em>, des vers de farine, et des larves de Zophobas morio<\/em> peuvent \u00eatre donn\u00e9s. Le gecko l\u00e9opard eut aussi \u00eatre occasionnellement aliment\u00e9 avec de tr\u00e8s jeune souris (pinkies).<\/li>\n
  • Saupoudrer l\u2019alimentation des adultes non mi \u00e0 la reproduction avec un suppl\u00e9ment de carbonate de calcium ou de gluconate de calcium une fois par semaine. Ce suppl\u00e9ment doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 plus fr\u00e9quemment si l\u2019animal est en p\u00e9riode de reproduction. Les suppl\u00e9ments de calcium doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9pourvus de phosphore ou poss\u00e9der une faible teneur en phosphore. Le rapport phosphocalcique doit \u00eatre au minimum Ca:P = 2:1. Un suppl\u00e9ment vitamines \/ min\u00e9raux peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre donn\u00e9 une fois par semaine.<\/li>\n
  • Donner \u00e0 manger aux geckos adultes une fois par jour et donner les proies en fin de journ\u00e9e car ces l\u00e9zards sont principalement nocturnes.<\/li>\n
  • Pour plus d’informations, t\u00e9l\u00e9chargez la fiche propri\u00e9taire: l’alimentation des reptiles insectivores.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/div>

    <\/div>
    \n
    <\/p>\n

    Condition d\u2019\u00e9levage<\/h2>\n

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    \n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Temp\u00e9rature <\/td>\nFournir un gradient de temp\u00e9rature de 21-27 \u00b0 C et un point chaud \u00e0 32 \u00b0 C. Abaisser la temp\u00e9rature \u00e0 21-23 \u00b0 C la nuit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Humidit\u00e9 \/ eau<\/td>\nLe taux d\u2019humidit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre de 40 \u00e0 60%. Fournir un bol d’eau peu profond et boite \u00e0 humide mais assurez-vous que le reste de l’habitat est sec.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Taille et la conception de la cage<\/td>\nUn seul m\u00e2le n\u00e9cessite un long aquarium de 38 \u00e0 57L au minimum.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Am\u00e9nagement de la cage<\/td>\nFournir des abris afin que les geckos puissent se cacher. Fournir \u00e9galement un \u00e9clairage avec un spectre complet de la lumi\u00e8re solaire durant toute la journ\u00e9e pour une absorption optimale du calcium alimentaire. Bien que les geckos l\u00e9opards soient des animaux nocturnes, l’exposition \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re UV-B semble \u00eatre utile. Des rochers peuvent \u00eatre plac\u00e9s dans la cage afin de permettre au gecko de faire de l\u2019exercice.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Structure sociale<\/td>\nLes m\u00e2les se battent entre eux, mais peuvent coexister avec une ou plusieurs femelles.
    \nLes geckos l\u00e9opard peuvent vivre 25-30 ans. Cette esp\u00e8ce atteint g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la maturit\u00e9 sexuelle entre 9-18 mois.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/div>

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    \n
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    Dur\u00e9e de vie<\/h2>\n

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    \n


    \nLes geckos l\u00e9opard peuvent vivre 25-30 ans. Cette esp\u00e8ce atteint g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la maturit\u00e9 sexuelle entre 9-18 mois.
    \n<\/div>
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    Anatomie \/ physiologie <\/h2>\n

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    \n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Dermatologie <\/td>\nContrairement aux serpents, les l\u00e9zards muent petit \u00e0 petit, de fa\u00e7on partielle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Divers<\/td>\n\n
      \n
    • Les geckos poss\u00e8dent des sacs des r\u00e9serves de calcium endolymphique sym\u00e9triques, en r\u00e9gion cervicale.\n
    • En plus de corps adipeux (fat pads) dans le c\u0153lome caudoventral, les geckos l\u00e9opards sains poss\u00e8dent d\u2019importantes r\u00e9serves de graisse au niveau de la base de la queue.\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Appareil g\u00e9nito-urinaire <\/td>\nLes geckos poss\u00e8dent une vessie \u00e0 paroi mince..<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Dimorphisme sexuel<\/td>\nLes caract\u00e8res sexuels secondaires des m\u00e2les incluent des pores f\u00e9moraux d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et la pr\u00e9sence d’un renflement \u00e0 la base de la queue o\u00f9 se trouvent les h\u00e9mip\u00e9nis. Les h\u00e9mip\u00e9nis sont des organes copulateurs m\u00e2les. Les pores f\u00e9moraux sont des ouvertures par lesquelles des glandes produisent une \u00e9paisse s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion c\u00e9rumineuse. Cette s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion joue un r\u00f4le dans le marquage du territoire et permet des communications chimiques gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des ph\u00e9romones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/div>

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    \n
    <\/p>\n

    Manipulation<\/h2>\n

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    \n


    \nL\u2019autotomie est un m\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9fense utilis\u00e9 par les l\u00e9zards dont le gecko : ils perdent leur queue quand celle-ci est maintenue. Un plan vertical de fracture fait de tissu conjonctif et de cartilage traverse chaque vert\u00e8bre caudale \u00e0 travers le corps vert\u00e9bral et une partie de l\u2019arc neural. La queue peut tomber quand elle est attrap\u00e9e, m\u00eame lorsque qu\u2019une faible pression est appliqu\u00e9e sur celle-ci. La queue repousse comme sous forme de tissu cartilagineux entour\u00e9 par de l\u2019\u00e9piderme.
    \n<\/div>
    <\/div>
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    Ponction veineuse<\/h2>\n

    <\/div>
    \n


    \nVeine coccygienne ventrale (voir manipulation ci-dessus)
    \nVeine abdominale ventrale
    \n<\/div>
    <\/div>
    \n
    <\/p>\n

    M\u00e9decine pr\u00e9ventive<\/h2>\n

    <\/div>
    \n


    \nExamen physique r\u00e9gulier
    \nQuarantaine
    \n<\/div>
    <\/div>
    \n
    <\/p>\n

    Dominantes pathologiques<\/h2>\n

    <\/div>
    \n


    \nLeopard geckos are relatively hardy creatures, however common presenting problems include:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Les geckos l\u00e9opards sont des cr\u00e9atures relativement rustiques.<\/li>\n
    • Cryptosporidiose<\/li>\n
    • Calculs kystique<\/li>\n
    • Dysecdysis (r\u00e9tention de mue \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des phalanges)<\/li>\n
    • Hyperparathyro\u00efdie secondaire nutritionnel (maladie m\u00e9tabolique des os ou MBD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/div>

      <\/div><\/p>\n

      Bibliographie<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Les geckos l\u00e9opards sont originaires des prairies et des d\u00e9sert de l’Inde et du Pakistan. La grande majorit\u00e9 des animaux que l\u2019on retrouve chez les particuliers proviennent d\u2019\u0153ufs incub\u00e9s dans les \u00e9levages…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[332],"tags":[396,5513,5942,5300],"class_list":["post-23224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","tag-natural-history-fr","tag-insectivore-fr","tag-natural-history-fr-2","tag-taxonomie-fr","content_types-fiches-information","topics-anatomie-physiologie","topics-elevage","topics-medecine-preventive","procedures-contention-et-manipulation","species-lezard","species-reptiles-et-amphibiens","channel-documents-et-materiel-educatif","contributor-pignon-fr","contributor-pollock-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFiche d\u2019informations de base : Gecko L\u00e9opard - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les geckos l\u00e9opards sont originaires des prairies et des d\u00e9sert de l'Inde et du Pakistan. 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