{"id":23749,"date":"2010-02-14T06:00:58","date_gmt":"2010-02-14T06:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/?p=23749"},"modified":"2016-04-09T19:47:47","modified_gmt":"2016-04-09T19:47:47","slug":"fiche-dinformations-de-base-cochon-dinde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fr\/fiche-dinformations-de-base-cochon-dinde\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche d\u2019informations de base : Cochon d\u2019inde"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cochon d\u2019inde (Cavia porcellus<\/em>)<\/h1>\n

\"guinea<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00e9l\u00e9charger la version PDF<\/a> (111 KB)
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Histoire naturelle<\/h2>\n

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\nLe cochon d\u2019inde est originaire du P\u00e9rou, du Br\u00e9sil et de l\u2019Argentine et a \u00e9t\u00e9 domestiqu\u00e9 par les Incas. Les cochons d’Inde sont \u00e9galement connus comme “cobayes”, un terme d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de la langue vernaculaire d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud.
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Taxonomie<\/h2>\n

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\nClasse<\/strong>: Mammalia<\/em><\/p>\n

Ordre<\/strong>: Rodentia<\/em><\/p>\n

Sous-Ordre<\/strong>: Hystricomorpha<\/em><\/p>\n

Famille<\/strong>: Caviidae<\/em><\/p>\n

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Races<\/h2>\n

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\nOnze races sont reconnues, les plus populaires \u00e9tant: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
P\u00e9ruvien:<\/td>\nPoil long<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Americain ou Anglais:<\/td>\nPoil court<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Abyssin:<\/td>\nPoil dur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

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R\u00e9gime alimentaire<\/h2>\n

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\nLes cochons d\u2019inde ont besoin d\u2019un apport externe en vitamine C. Les aliments extrud\u00e9s commerciaux pour cochon d\u2019inde en contiennent. Il est aussi recommand\u00e9 de suppl\u00e9menter en vitamine C via de petites quantit\u00e9s de fruits et l\u00e9gumes. Les aliments extrud\u00e9s sont \u00e0 offrir en quantit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e (environ 30 grammes par jour), tandis que le foin doit \u00eatre offert \u00e0 volont\u00e9.
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Conditions d\u2019entretien<\/h2>\n

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    \n
  • Les cochons d\u2019inde sont des animaux cr\u00e9pusculaires.<\/li>\n
  • La cage doit \u00eatre bien ventil\u00e9e et disposer d\u2019un sol plein (pas de grillage). Il est important de fournir une cachette.<\/li>\n
  • Nettoyer et changer les biberons fr\u00e9quemment. <\/li>\n
  • Les lapins sains peuvent porter diverses bact\u00e9ries pouvant render les cochons d\u2019inde maladies, voire les tuer. Eviter de faire partager le m\u00eame environnement \u00e0 des lapins et des cochons d\u2019inde. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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    Valeurs physiologiques<\/h2>\n

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    \n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Temp\u00e9rature<\/td>\n99\u00b0-101.5\u00b0 F<\/td>\n37.2\u00b0-38.6\u00b0 C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Fr\u00e9quence cardiaque<\/td>\n230-380<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Fr\u00e9quence respiratoire<\/td>\n40-100<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Poids corporel<\/td>\nM\u00e2le adulte<\/td>\n900-1200 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
     <\/td>\nFemelle adulte<\/td>\n700-900 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Esp\u00e9rance de vie moyenne<\/td>\n5-7 ans<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Maturit\u00e9 sexuelle<\/td>\n2-4 mois. 2 mois (F) 3 mois (M)
    \n Les males peuvent exprimer des comportements d’accouplement d\u00e8s un mois d’\u00e2ge et les femelles peuvent \u00eatre gestantes d\u00e8s 4-5 semaines. <\/td>\n    		 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Dur\u00e9e de gestation<\/td>\n59-72 jours (68 jours en moyenne)<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Poids \u00e0 la naissance<\/td>\n45-115 g (Invers\u00e9ment proportionnel \u00e0 la taille de la port\u00e9e)
    \n 70-100 g<\/td>\n    		 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Taille de la port\u00e9e<\/td>\n1 \u00e0 13 (2 \u00e0 4 le plus souvent)<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Age au sevrage<\/td>\n21 jours (180 g)<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Temp\u00e9rature id\u00e9ale pour l’environnement<\/td>\n65\u00b0-79\u00b0 F
    \n 18\u00b0-26\u00b0 C<\/td>\n    		 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

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    Anatomie \/ physiologie<\/h2>\n

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    <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Gastro-intestinale
    \n Formule dentaire<\/u>:<\/td>\n    		Incisives 1\/1 Canines 0\/0 PM 1\/1 Molaires 3\/3 Toutes les dents poss\u00e8dent une racine ouverte.
    \n Les incisives inf\u00e9rieures sont normalement 3 fois plus longues que les incisives sup\u00e9rieures. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Musculo- squelettique:<\/td>\nLes femelles doivent \u00eatre mises \u00e0 la reproduction avant l’\u00e2ge de 6-9 mois. Les femelles juveniles ont une symphyse pubienne fibro-cartilagineuse qui s’ossifie vers l’\u00e2ge de un an. Cette symphyse demeure cartilagineuse chez la femelle primipare de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que la fili\u00e8re pelvienne puisse se dilater et permettre le passage du f\u0153tus. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Organes sensoriels:<\/td>\nGrandes oreilles au pavillon tr\u00e8s fin, bulles tympaniques tr\u00e8s d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Uro-genitale:<\/td>\nLes males pr\u00e9sentent un gonflement scrotal lat\u00e9ral de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l’anus. Les glandes accessoires sont la prostate, la glande coagulante, les glandes bulbo-ur\u00e9trales and les v\u00e9sicules s\u00e9minales. Les v\u00e9sicules s\u00e9minales sont des structures tubulaires de grande taille et de couleur blanc-jaune se trouvant en position dorsale par rapport \u00e0 la vessie. Elles peuvent parfois \u00eatre confondues avec l’ut\u00e9rus. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Respiratoire:<\/td>\nTous les rongeurs sont obliges de respirer par le nez. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

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    Contention<\/h2>\n

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    \n


    \nLa plupart des cochons d\u2019inde sont calmes et dociles qui mordent rarement. Pour soulever un cochon d\u2019inde, placer une main sous le thorax et utiliser l\u2019autre main pour supporter l\u2019arri\u00e8re train de l\u2019animal.
    \n<\/div>
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    Prise de sang<\/h2>\n

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    \n


    \nLarge volumes:<\/strong> veine jugulaire, veine cave cr\u00e2niale
    \nPetits volumes:<\/strong> veine c\u00e9phalique, veine saph\u00e8ne lat\u00e9rale.
    \n<\/div>
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    \n
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    Maladies principales<\/h2>\n

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    \n

    <\/p>\n
      \n
    • Pneumonie bact\u00e9rienne<\/li>\n
    • Dystocie<\/li>\n
    • Parasites externes<\/li>\n
    • Hypovitaminose C ou scorbut (peut survenir d\u00e8s 4 jours de carence alimentaire)<\/li>\n
    • Malocclusion<\/li>\n
    • Pododermatite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/div>

      <\/div>
      \n
      <\/p>\n

      Antibiotiques \u00e0 \u00e9viter<\/h2>\n

      <\/div>
      \n


      \nP.L.A.C.E.:<\/p>\n
        \n
      • Penicilline<\/li>\n
      • Lincosamide, lincomycin<\/li>\n
      • Amoxicilline, ampicilline<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e9phalosporines, clindamycine<\/li>\n
      • Erythromycine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/div>

        <\/div><\/p>\n

        R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Le cochon d\u2019inde est originaire du P\u00e9rou, du Br\u00e9sil et de l\u2019Argentine et a \u00e9t\u00e9 domestiqu\u00e9 par les Incas. Les cochons d’Inde sont \u00e9galement connus comme “cobayes”, un terme d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de la langue vernaculaire d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[332],"tags":[1488,2492,396,5942,1964,5191,5300,1812],"class_list":["post-23749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","tag-herbivore-fr","tag-herbivore-fr-fr","tag-natural-history-fr","tag-natural-history-fr-2","tag-races","tag-races-fr","tag-taxonomie-fr","tag-taxonomie","content_types-fiches-information","topics-anatomie-physiologie","topics-elevage","procedures-examen-clinique","species-cochon-dinde-ou-cobaye","species-mammiferes","species-rongeurs","channel-documents-et-materiel-educatif","contributor-pignon-fr","contributor-pollock-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFiche d\u2019informations de base : Cochon d\u2019inde - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le cochon d\u2019inde est originaire du P\u00e9rou, du Br\u00e9sil et de l\u2019Argentine et a \u00e9t\u00e9 domestiqu\u00e9 par les Incas. 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