{"id":19704,"date":"2015-03-25T16:51:58","date_gmt":"2015-03-25T16:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/?p=19704"},"modified":"2025-09-11T11:10:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T16:10:28","slug":"basic-information-sheet-hermanns-tortoise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-hermanns-tortoise\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Information Sheet: Hermann\u2019s Tortoise"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Hermann\u2019s Tortoise (<em>Testudo hermanni<\/em>)<\/h1>\n<div id=\"attachment_19706\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19706\" class=\"wp-image-19706 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-700x376.jpg\" alt=\"Hermann's tortise\" width=\"640\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise.jpg 700w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-500x269.jpg 500w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-400x215.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19706\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><small><em>Testudo hermanni<\/em>; Photo credit: Cristiano Cani via Flickr Creative Commons<\/small><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Natural history<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nThe Hermann\u2019s tortoise population is divided into western and eastern subspecies, and both are found in the US pet trade.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The western subspecies, <em>Testudo hermanni hermanni<\/em>, is found in northeast Spain, southeast France, western or southern Italy and Majorca, Minorca, Sardinia, Sicily, and Corsica.<\/li>\n<li>The eastern subspecies, <em>T. h. boettgeri<\/em>, is found in eastern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, and western Turkey.<\/li>\n<li>A third subspecies, <em>T. h. hercegovinensis<\/em>, is found in Bosnia and Croatia.\u00a0 This subspecies shares the morphological features and coloring of other subspecies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The natural habitat of Hermann&#8217;s tortoise includes Mediterranean evergreen and oak forests with arid, rocky hill slopes and scrubby vegetation, as well as herbaceous scrub and grassy hillsides. The natural climate tends to be moist during the spring and fall but very dry in the summer.<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Conservation status<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nHermann\u2019s tortoise is included in CITES Appendix II and it is listed as \u201cnear threatened\u201d by the International Union on Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Some captive breeding occurs in the US, and several sanctuaries exist in Europe, such as Le Village Des Tortues in southern France.<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Class<\/strong>: <em>Reptilia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Order<\/strong>: <em>Chelonia\/Testudines<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Family<\/strong>: <em>Testudinidae<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><strong>Genus<\/strong>: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\">Testudo<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Testudo hermanni boettgeri<\/em>, eastern subspecies<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Testudo hermanni hermanni<\/em>, western subspecies<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Testudo hermanni hercegovinensis<\/em>, Dalmatian tortoise<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<h3>Size<\/h3>\n<p><em>Testudo hermanni<\/em> is a medium-sized tortoise. Adults usually range from 13-20 cm (5-8 in). Adults of the western subspecies, <em>Testudo hermanni boettgeri<\/em>, may reach up to 28 cm (11 in) in length, weighing 3-4 kg (7-9 lb). Sexual dimorphism is moderate, with females on average 12% larger than males.<\/p>\n<h3>Shell shape and color<\/h3>\n<p><em>Testudo hermanni<\/em> has an arched, rounded <a title=\"Understanding the Chelonian Shell\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/understanding-the-chelonian-shell\/#Shell_vocabulary_terms\">carapace<\/a>. The carapace of <em>T. h. hermanni<\/em> displays intense yellow coloration against a dark background. The plastron has two connected black bands along the central seam. The coloration of the head ranges from olive to yellowish with dark patches. Most individuals also have a characteristic yellow fleck on the cheek.<\/p>\n<p>The plastron of <em>T. h. boettgeri<\/em> is almost always solid in color with isolated black patches on either side of the central seam. The head is brown to black with fine scales. The toes have five claws, which are darkly colored at the base. The hind legs are noticeably thicker than the forelimbs.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Testudo-hermanni-hermanni-3-by-22Bizarria22-labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-40076 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Testudo-hermanni-hermanni-3-by-22Bizarria22-labeled-250x250.jpg\" alt=\"Testudo hermanni hermanni by &quot;Bizarria&quot;\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Testudo-hermanni-hermanni-3-by-22Bizarria22-labeled-250x250.jpg 250w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Testudo-hermanni-hermanni-3-by-22Bizarria22-labeled-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Testudo-hermanni-hermanni-3-by-22Bizarria22-labeled-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td>One of the characteristics that distinguishes <em>Testudo hermanni<\/em> from other members of genus <em>Testudo<\/em> is the presence of a horny spur or \u201ctubercle\u201d on the end of the tail (<em>click image left to enlarge<\/em>). Female <em>T. h. boettgeri<\/em> have much smaller tail spikes than males.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-Physical-Description-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19716 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-Physical-Description-3-250x250.jpg\" alt=\"Hermann\u2019s tortoise usually possesses a divided supracaudal scute\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-Physical-Description-3-250x250.jpg 250w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-Physical-Description-3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-Physical-Description-3-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-Physical-Description-3-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hermanns-tortoise-Physical-Description-3.jpg 436w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td>Hermann\u2019s tortoise <em>usually<\/em> possesses a divided supracaudal scute (#6 left) (photo credit: Titimaster via Wikimedia Commons, <em>click image to enlarge<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Diet<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<em>Testudo hermanni<\/em> are more than 90% herbivorous with a natural diet high in succulent and herbaceous <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thetortoisetable.org.uk\/site\/files\/Edible%20doc%203rd%20edition_2013_condensed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plants<\/a>. Their diet is similar to <em>Testudo graeca<\/em>, but this species appears to favor legumes and clovers over grasses. They are opportunistic omnivores and will also occasionally eat invertebrates, such as worms and snails, and carrion. Nevertheless in captivity, it is recommended to manage this species as a strict herbivore. See the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\/#Diet\">Mediterranean Tortoise<\/a>\u00a0Basic Information Sheet for additional information.<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Housing<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Temperature<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Daytime temperatures should range from 15\u00b0C-30\u00b0C (60\u00b0F-85\u00b0F), with a basking spot of 32\u00b0C-35\u00b0C (90\u00b0F-95\u00b0F). The temperature gradient should drop to 5\u00b0C-25\u00b0C (40\u00b0F-75\u00b0F) at night.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Humidity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>40%-75%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Lighting<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Artificial UVB lighting is recommended for captive specimens. See the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\/#light\">Mediterranean Tortoise<\/a>\u00a0Basic Information Sheet for additional information.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Cage size and design<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>If possible, outdoor housing is preferred during warm weather months. Most <em>Testudo hermanni<\/em> are quite hardy and will cope outdoors in well-drained herbaceous areas that are protected and enclosed. Indoor housing must be large enough to allow roaming.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Hibernation\/aestivation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Tortoises are maintained at 5\u00b0C-10\u00b0C (40\u00b0F-50\u00b0F) for hibernation (Divers 2003, Franklin 2007). Free-ranging\u00a0tortoises usually hibernate for a variable period (usually 4-5 months) between October\/November and March\/April. In captivity, the recommended maximum length of hibernation is approximately 3 months for a healthy adult tortoise. Of course it is difficult to replicate conditions for safe aestivation and hibernation in captivity, and for this reason some herpetologists elect to maintain tortoises at moderate temperatures that allow normal activity year round.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Anatomy\/ physiology<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nSee the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\/#Anatomy_physiology\">Mediterranean Tortoise<\/a>\u00a0Basic Information Sheet<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Restraint<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nSee the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\/#Restraint\">Mediterranean Tortoise<\/a>\u00a0Basic Information Sheet<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Venipuncture<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nSee the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\/#Venipuncture\">Mediterranean Tortoise<\/a>\u00a0Basic Information Sheet<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Preventive medicine<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nSee the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\/#Preventive_medicine\">Mediterranean Tortoise<\/a>\u00a0Basic Information Sheet<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Important medical conditions<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tortoise herpesvirus has been frequently described in <em>Testudo hermanni <\/em>in Europe<em>. <\/em>Hermann\u2019s tortoises are more susceptible to tortoise herpesvirus 3 (TeHV3 genotype), which causes particularly severe disease and high morbidity in this species. <em>Testudo hermanni<\/em> infection from TeHV1 isolates has also occurred.<\/li>\n<li>Upper respiratory infection<\/li>\n<li>Pneumonia<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/presenting-problem-stomatitis-in-reptiles\/\">Stomatitis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/presenting-problem-aural-abscess-in-turtles\/\">Aural abscesses<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Diarrhea, frequently caused by ascarids<\/li>\n<li>Osteodystrophy<\/li>\n<li>Post-hibernation blindness from retinal damage caused by hypovitaminosis A has been described in <em>Testudo hermanni<\/em><\/li>\n<li>There have also been individual reports of paramyxovirus infections (<em>Ferlavirus<\/em> genus) in <em>Testudo hermanni.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>See the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-mediterranean-tortoises\/#Important_medical_conditions\">Mediterranean Tortoise<\/a>\u00a0Basic Information Sheet for additional information.<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Quiz<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Quiz: Can You Keep Your Mediterranean Tortoises (Testudo spp.) straight?\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/quiz-can-you-keep-your-mediterranean-tortoises-testudo-spp-straight\/\">Click here<\/a> to access LafeberVet&#8217;s Testudo Tortoise Fast 5 Quiz.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>**<em>Login to view references<\/em>**<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ref\">References and further reading<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The natural habitat of Hermann\u2019s tortoise (<i>Testudo hermanni<\/i>) includes evergreen and oak forests with arid, rocky hill slopes and scrubby vegetation, as well as herbaceous scrub and grassy hillsides. <\/p>\n<p>Use our Hermann\u2019s tortoise Information Sheet to review natural history, taxonomy, conservation status, physical description, diet and housing needs, as well as important medical conditions of this chelonian species.  Login to view information sheet references.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":19726,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[256,389,702],"class_list":["post-19704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-herbivore","tag-natural-history","tag-species-taxonomy","content_types-information-sheet","topics-husbandry","topics-nutrition","topics-preventive-medicine","species-reptiles-amphibians","species-turtles-tortoises","channel-resources-education","contributor-pollock","contributor-kanis","contributor-latney","contributor-donoghue"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Information Sheet: Hermann\u2019s Tortoise - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use our Hermann\u2019s tortoise (Testudo hermanni) Information Sheet to review diet and housing needs, important medical conditions and more of this chelonian species.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-hermanns-tortoise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Basic Information Sheet: Hermann\u2019s Tortoise - 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