{"id":22,"date":"2012-01-08T15:13:19","date_gmt":"2012-01-08T15:13:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/staging\/vet\/?p=22"},"modified":"2019-06-26T08:54:36","modified_gmt":"2019-06-26T13:54:36","slug":"basic-information-sheet-for-the-macaw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-macaw\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Information Sheet:  Macaw"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Macaw<\/h1>\n<div id=\"attachment_8312\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Blue-and-Gold-Macaw-and-Green-winged-macaw1-Derrick-Coetzee-cropped-labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8312\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8312\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Blue-and-Gold-Macaw-and-Green-winged-macaw1-Derrick-Coetzee-cropped-labeled.jpg\" alt=\"macaws\" width=\"600\" height=\"282\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8312\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><small>Blue and gold macaw (<i>Ara ararauna<\/i>) (left); green-winged macaw (<i>Ara chloropterus <\/i>)(right)<\/small><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Natural history<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nMacaws are found in a variety of habitats throughout large areas of the Amazon Basin, such as gallery forests and mangrove swamps.\u00a0 Most macaws are listed on <em>Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (<\/em>CITES) Appendix I, however the blue and gold, green-winged, Hahn\u2019s, noble, red-bellied, severe and yellow-collared macaws are listed on CITES Appendix II. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction globally, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. Appendix II species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated.<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Class<\/strong>: <em>Aves<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Order<\/strong>: <em>Psittaciformes<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Family<\/strong>: <em>Psittacidae<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus<\/em> &#8211; hyacinth macaw<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Ara<\/em> spp.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Ara ararauna<\/em> \u2013 blue and gold macaw<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Ara chloropterus<\/em> \u2013 green-winged macaw<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Ara macao<\/em> \u2013 scarlet macaw<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Diopsittaca nobilis<\/em> &#8211; <em>D. n. cumanensis<\/em> \u2013 noble macaw<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>There are 15 species of macaws in the genus <em>Ara<\/em> and 3 species in genus <em>Anodorhynchus<\/em>. Blue and gold, scarlet, and green-winged macaws are among the most popular pet macaw species. Visit LafeberVet&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/macaw-id-slideshow-photos-fast-facts\/\">Macaw ID Slideshow<\/a> for additional information.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Macaws are slender birds with long tapered tails; strong, heavy bills; and a bare facial patch.<\/li>\n<li>Macaws are sexually monomorphic.<\/li>\n<li>The green-winged macaw may be distinguished from the scarlet macaw by its larger size and the bands of small, red feathers around the eyes. Scarlet macaws also have yellow feathers on their wings.\n<p><div id=\"attachment_886\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/scarlet-macaws-ara-macao.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-886\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-886\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/scarlet-macaws-ara-macao-300x253.jpg\" alt=\"Scarlet macaws (Ara macao)\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-886\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scarlet macaws (<em>Ara macao<\/em>). Image by Dunleavy. <em>Click image to enlarge<\/em><\/p><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Diet<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Macaws are frugivores, granivores, and\/or florivores. Free-ranging birds feed on seeds, fruit, figs, palm nuts, leaves, nectar, and\/or flowers.<\/li>\n<li>Some macaws need more fat in their diet. Hyacinth macaws consume only palm nuts in the wild.<\/li>\n<li>Since psittacine birds hull seeds before ingestion, they do not require grit. In fact, some individuals will overeat grit when ill putting the bird at risk for impaction.<\/li>\n<li>All-seed diets are deficient in protein, vitamins, and minerals including calcium and vitamin A.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Husbandry<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Macaws require a large amount of space in a quality made cage or room with appropriate toys.<\/li>\n<li>Cage bar spacing should be 0.75-1.5 in (1.9-3.8 cm).<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">Perch<\/a> diameter should range from 5\/8 in (1.6 cm) for Hahn\u2019s macaw up to 2 in (5 cm) for hyacinth macaws.<\/li>\n<li>Provide frequent baths or showers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Behavior<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Most of the large macaws are considered gentle birds, however all large macaws can be quite noisy and destructive.<\/li>\n<li>The scarlet macaw has a reputation for a particularly strong personality making them a difficult pet for inexperienced owners.<\/li>\n<li>All macaws are extremely intelligent that require a lot of stimulation.<\/li>\n<li>Feather destructive behavior may be more common in some of the mini macaw species.<\/li>\n<li>Most macaw species have a bare facial area, which can flush pink indicating a change in mood.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fascinating Facts on Foraging and Enrichment\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fascinating-facts-on-foraging-and-enrichment\/\">Foraging<\/a> is an important part of normal daily parrot activity. Teach and encourage pet birds to play and forage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Normal physiologic values<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"202\">Temperature (average)*<\/td>\n<td width=\"163\">42\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">107.7\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heart rate (beats\/min)<\/td>\n<td>Small Macaws<\/td>\n<td>389<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Large Macaws<\/td>\n<td>275<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Respiration (breaths\/min)<\/td>\n<td>20-25<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Average body weight (g)<\/td>\n<td>Hahn\u2019s<\/td>\n<td>120-160<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Military<\/td>\n<td>900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Scarlet<\/td>\n<td>900-1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Blue and Gold<\/td>\n<td>900-1300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Green-Winged<\/td>\n<td>1200-1600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Hyacinth<\/td>\n<td>1250-1695<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean life span (years)<\/td>\n<td>Small Macaws<\/td>\n<td>20-25 (35 reported)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Large Macaws<\/td>\n<td>30-45 (75-100 possible)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sexual maturity<\/td>\n<td>Small Macaws<\/td>\n<td>4-6 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Large Macaws<\/td>\n<td>5-7 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean number of incubation days<\/td>\n<td>23-28<\/td>\n<td>Longer for larger birds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Average number of eggs laid<\/td>\n<td>1-3<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Weaning age (days)<\/td>\n<td>Small Macaws<\/td>\n<td>90-120 \u2013 parent raised<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Large Macaws<\/td>\n<td>120-150 \u2013 parent raised<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Target environmental temperature<\/td>\n<td>Mimic natural environment.<\/td>\n<td>Household temperatures of 70-80\u00b0F (21-27\u00b0C) are generally acceptable, however healthy birds can tolerate hot and cold temperatures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">*Routine avian exam does not include measuring body temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Anatomy and physiology<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Macaws have a rolling or waddling gait due to walking on their feet as well as caudal tarsometatarsus.<\/li>\n<li>The pressure exerted by a large macaw beak can be greater than 200 psi.<\/li>\n<li>Macaws share the following <a title=\"General Avian Medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-medicine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">anatomic traits<\/a> with other members of Order Psittaciformes:\n<ul>\n<li>Communication of the right and left nasal sinus<\/li>\n<li>The only avian tongue with intrinsic muscles<\/li>\n<li>Simply syrinx<\/li>\n<li>Craniofacial hinge of beak is a synovial joint<\/li>\n<li>Ceca absent<\/li>\n<li>Gall bladder often absent<\/li>\n<li>Zygodactyl foot: two toes pointed backward and two pointed forward<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Restraint<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Most macaw species have a bare facial patch that can flush pink color indicating a change in mood.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Parrot Handling\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/parrot-handling\/\">Restrain<\/a> large macaws by placing the thumb and forefinger beneath the mandible. Secure the outside wing with three fingers and use the other hand to hold the feet.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid touching the bare facial patch as the skin can bruise after aggressive restraint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Venipuncture<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nUse a 25-gauge needle and 1 to 3-mL syringe to <a title=\"Venipuncture in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/venipuncture\/\">draw blood<\/a> from the right jugular vein. Collection of up to 1% of body weight is acceptable in healthy patients.<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Preventive medicine<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain a complete history and perform a thorough annual <a title=\"Avian Physical Examination: The Basics\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/physical-examination-of-the-avian-patient\/\">physical examination<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Establish baseline data with regular clinical testing (<a title=\"Avian Hematology\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">complete blood count<\/a>, <a title=\"Protein Electrophoresis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/protein-electrophoresis-in-avian-patients\/\">protein electrophoresis<\/a>, and <a title=\"Avian Biochemistry Panels\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">plasma biochemistries<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure <a title=\"Avian Nutrition\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/exotic\/#!\/species=avian&amp;topics=nutrition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proper nutrition<\/a> and <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">husbandry<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Recommend <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avicultural-medicine-quarantine-protocols\/\">quarantine<\/a> of newly acquired birds.<\/li>\n<li>Perform additional testing for select diseases based on history and physical exam findings: avian polyoma virus and <a title=\"Psittacosis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">psittacosis<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Determine origin and history of newly acquired sick birds to contain and prevent further spread of disease.<\/li>\n<li>Birds housed in large groups or aviaries are at higher risk of Pacheco\u2019s disease virus and use of the vaccine may be indicated.<\/li>\n<li>The avian polyoma virus vaccine is recommended for breeding populations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Injections<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Intramuscular Injections in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/intramuscular-injections-in-birds\/\">Intramuscular<\/a> (IM)<\/td>\n<td>Reasonably safe, most accurate.<br \/>\nInject middle of muscle mass.<\/td>\n<td>Ideal location \u2013Pectoral muscle mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Subcutaneous<\/a> (SQ)<\/td>\n<td>Large volumes can be injected, poor absorption.<\/td>\n<td>Location:\u00a0 Inguinal or precrural fold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Intravenous<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Effective, narrow safety range.<\/td>\n<td>Right jugular vein or brachial vein is most commonly used.<br \/>\nAlternative option: superficial metatarsal vein.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Important medical conditions<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Non-Infectious Diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Fungal Disease in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fungal-disease\/\">Aspergillosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fungal Disease in Avian Patient Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Atherosclerosis in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/omega-3-fatty-acids-and-atherosclerosis-in-birds\/\">Atherosclerosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Beak malocclusion<\/li>\n<li>Degenerative cardiac disease<\/li>\n<li>Feather destructive behavior in some mini macaw species<\/li>\n<li>Goiter<\/li>\n<li>Inflammatory skin disease<\/li>\n<li>Internal papillomatosis<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Avian Respiratory Emergencies:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; An Approach to the Dyspneic Bird\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/respiratory-emergencies\/\">Respiratory disease<\/a> including pulmonary hypersensitivity syndrome or allergic pneumonitis: The incidence of respiratory disease increases in birds exposed to low relative humidity and\/or birds that produce lots of powder down such as cockatoos.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Reproductive Emergencies in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/reproductive-emergencies\/\">Yolk peritonitis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Infectious Diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oral abscesses<\/li>\n<li>Avian <a title=\"Avian Bornavirus and Proventricular Dilatation Disease: Facts, Questions, and Controversies\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-bornavirus-primer\/\">bornavirus<\/a> infection (proventricular dilitation disease or PDD)<\/li>\n<li>Avian <a title=\"Avian Polyomavirus Primer\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-polyomavirus-primer\/\">polyomavirus<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>**<em>Login to view references<\/em>**<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ref\">References<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Macaws are found in a variety of habitats throughout large areas of the Amazon Basin, such as gallery forests and mangrove swamps.  Most macaws are listed on Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix I, however the blue and gold, green-winged, Hahn\u2019s, noble, red-bellied, severe and yellow-collared macaws are listed on CITES Appendix II. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction globally, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. Appendix II species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[300,1430,1403,389],"class_list":["post-22","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-allergic-pneumonitis","tag-frugivore","tag-granivore","tag-natural-history","content_types-information-sheet","topics-anatomy-physiology","topics-behavior","topics-husbandry","topics-nutrition","topics-preventive-medicine","species-macaw","species-parrot","channel-resources-education","contributor-pollock"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Information Sheet: Macaw - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Macaws are found in a variety of habitats throughout large areas of the Amazon Basin, such as gallery forests and mangrove swamps. Most macaws are listed on Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix I, however the blue and gold, green-winged, Hahn\u2019s, noble, red-bellied, severe and yellow-collared macaws are listed on CITES Appendix II. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction globally, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. 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Appendix I species are threatened with extinction globally, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. 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