{"id":4029,"date":"2014-09-28T04:06:41","date_gmt":"2014-09-28T04:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/staging\/vet\/?p=4029"},"modified":"2021-05-22T09:02:42","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T14:02:42","slug":"basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Information Sheet:  African Grey Parrot"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>African grey parrot &#8211; <em>Psittacus erithacus<\/em><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/1024px-African_Grey_Parrots_Sylvan_Heights_Waterfowl_Park-WC-labeled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8238\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/1024px-African_Grey_Parrots_Sylvan_Heights_Waterfowl_Park-WC-labeled.jpg\" alt=\"grey parrots Sylvan Heights bobistraveling\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/1024px-African_Grey_Parrots_Sylvan_Heights_Waterfowl_Park-WC-labeled.jpg 700w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/1024px-African_Grey_Parrots_Sylvan_Heights_Waterfowl_Park-WC-labeled-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/1024px-African_Grey_Parrots_Sylvan_Heights_Waterfowl_Park-WC-labeled-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Natural history<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nAfrican grey parrots are among the most familiar of all parrots. Originating from central Africa, many African cities now have feral populations. The Timneh grey parrot is localized to the Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone. Habitats for grey parrots include savannahs, coastal mangroves, woodland and edges of forest clearings. African greys are listed under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix II, which means these species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Class<\/strong>: <em>Aves<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Order<\/strong>: <em>Psittaciformes<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Family<\/strong>: <em>Psittacidae<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Psittacus erithacus<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>P. e. erithacus<\/em> &#8211; Congo African grey parrot\/p&gt;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em> P. e. timneh <\/em> &#8211; Timneh African grey parrot<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\">Two subspecies of the grey parrot are the larger, more popular Congo grey parrot and the smaller Timneh.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\">\n<ul>\n<li>The African grey is a medium-sized parrot with a bare facial patch.<\/li>\n<li>Iris color is black for the first 4 months of age, but changes fully to yellow by 4 years old.<\/li>\n<li>The Timneh grey parrot has a horn-colored beak, dark grey body, maroon tail, and white around the eyes.<\/li>\n<li>The Congo grey has a black beak, silver-grey body that is lighter around eyes and rump, red tail, and white around the eyes.<\/li>\n<li>African grey parrots are sexually monomorphic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Diet<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greys are granivores and frugivores. Free-ranging birds feed on seeds, figs, and fruits.<\/li>\n<li>Known to be fussy feeders, African greys prefer seeds, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies, including calcium deficiencies.<\/li>\n<li>Since psittacine birds hull seeds before ingestion, they do not require grit. In fact, some individuals will overeat grit when ill putting them at risk for impaction.<\/li>\n<li>All-seed diets are deficient in protein, vitamins, and minerals including calcium and vitamin A.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Husbandry<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grey parrots produce a lot of powder down. Offer daily baths or showers.<\/li>\n<li>Offer a full-spectrum light to birds not exposed to natural lighting.<\/li>\n<li>Cage bar spacing should be 0.75-1.0 in (1.9-2.5cm) with a perch diameter of approximately 1 in (2.5 cm).<\/li>\n<li>Introduce new objects slowly to reduce stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Behavior<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grey parrots are very intelligent birds. They are often able to mimic many sounds and talk.<\/li>\n<li>These intelligent birds require plenty of physical and mental stimulation.<\/li>\n<li>If special efforts are not taken, greys can easily become \u201cone person\u201d birds.<\/li>\n<li>Feather damaging behavior is a common problem in grey parrots, particularly in individuals that are not given the attention they need or with abrupt changes in routine.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fascinating Facts on Foraging and Enrichment\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fascinating-facts-on-foraging-and-enrichment\/\">Foraging<\/a> is an important part of normal daily parrot activity. Teach and encourage pet birds to play and forage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Normal physiologic values<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Temperature (average)*<\/td>\n<td>41\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>105.8\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heart rate (beats\/min)<\/td>\n<td>340-600<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Respiration (breaths\/min)<\/td>\n<td>Approximately 25-45<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Body weight (g)<\/td>\n<td>300-400<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean life span (years)<\/td>\n<td>30-40<\/td>\n<td>Congo grey parrot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sexual maturity (years)<\/td>\n<td>4-6 years<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Weaning age (days)<\/td>\n<td>100-120<br \/>\n75-90<\/td>\n<td>Parent-reared<br \/>\nHand-raised<br \/>\nWeaning age varies with the individual, and should never be based on a pre-determined time period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fledgling age (days)<\/td>\n<td>50-65<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean number of incubation days<\/td>\n<td>26-28<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Average number of eggs laid<\/td>\n<td>2-4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Weaning age<\/td>\n<td>100-120 days<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Target environmental temperature<\/td>\n<td>Mimic natural environment.<\/td>\n<td>Household temperatures of 70-80\u00b0F (21-27\u00b0C) are generally acceptable, however healthy birds can tolerate hot and cold temperatures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">* Routine avian exam does not include measuring body temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Anatomy and physiology<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>African grey parrots produce lots of powder down.<\/li>\n<li>Iris color is black for the first 4 months of age, but changes fully to yellow by 4 years.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"General Avian Medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-medicine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Anatomic traits<\/a> of Order Psittaciformes include:\n<ul>\n<li>Communication of the right and left nasal sinus<\/li>\n<li>The only avian tongue with intrinsic muscles<\/li>\n<li>Simply syrinx<\/li>\n<li>Craniofacial hinge of beak is a synovial joint<\/li>\n<li>Ceca absent<\/li>\n<li>Gall bladder often absent<\/li>\n<li>Zygodactyl foot: two toes pointed backward and two pointed forward<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Restraint<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Parrot Handling\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/parrot-handling\/\">Restrain<\/a> grey parrots by holding the thumb and forefinger under the mandible and securing the outer wing with the remaining three fingers. Use the opposite hand to hold the feet.<\/li>\n<li>Facial bruising can be seen if fingers are placed over the bare facial patch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Venipuncture<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nUse a 26-gauge needle and 1 to 3-mL syringe to <a title=\"Venipuncture in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/venipuncture\/\">draw blood<\/a> from the right jugular vein. Collection of up to 1% of body weight is acceptable in healthy patients.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Preventive medicine<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain a complete history and perform a thorough annual <a title=\"Avian Physical Examination: The Basics\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/physical-examination-of-the-avian-patient\/\">physical examination<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Establish baseline data with regular clinical testing (<a title=\"Avian Hematology\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">complete blood count<\/a>, <a title=\"Protein Electrophoresis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/protein-electrophoresis-in-avian-patients\/\">protein electrophoresis<\/a>, and <a title=\"Avian Biochemistry Panels\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">plasma biochemistries<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure proper <a title=\"Avian Nutrition\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-perspectives-on-the-principles-of-avian-nutrition\/\">nutrition<\/a> and <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">husbandry<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Recommend <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avicultural-medicine-quarantine-protocols\/\">quarantine<\/a> of newly acquired birds.<\/li>\n<li>Perform additional testing for select diseases based on history and physical exam findings: avian polyoma virus and <a title=\"Psittacosis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">avian chlamydiosis<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Determine origin and history of newly acquired sick birds to contain and prevent further spread of disease.<\/li>\n<li>Birds housed in large groups or aviaries are at higher risk of Pacheco\u2019s disease virus and use of the vaccine may be indicated.<\/li>\n<li>The avian polyomavirus vaccine is recommended for breeding populations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Injections<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Intramuscular Injections in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/intramuscular-injections-in-birds\/\">Intramuscular<\/a> (IM)<\/td>\n<td>Reasonably safe, most accurate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Inject middle of muscle mass.Ideal location \u2013Pectoral muscle mass<a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Subcutaneous<\/a> (SQ)Large volumes can be injected, poor absorption.Location:\u00a0 Inguinal or precrural fold<a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Intravenous<\/a>Effective, narrow safety range.Right jugular vein or brachial vein is most commonly used.<\/p>\n<p>Alternative option: superficial metatarsal vein.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Important medical conditions<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"600\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Non-Infectious Diseases<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Fungal Disease in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fungal-disease\/\">Aspergillosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/feather-destructive-behavior-in-psittacine-birds-webinar\/\">Feather destructive behavior<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hypocalcemia syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Hypovitaminosis A<\/li>\n<li>Oral abscesses<\/li>\n<li>Rhinoliths<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Infectious Diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Avian Bornavirus and Proventricular Dilatation Disease: Facts, Questions, and Controversies\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-bornavirus-primer\/\">Bornavirus infection<\/a> (proventricular dilitation disease or PDD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ref\">References<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>African grey parrots are among the most familiar of all parrots. Originating from central Africa, many African cities now have feral populations. The Timneh grey parrot is localized to the Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone. Habitats for grey parrots include savannahs, coastal mangroves, woodland and edges of forest clearings. African greys are listed under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix II, which means these species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1430,1403,389,702],"class_list":["post-4029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-frugivore","tag-granivore","tag-natural-history","tag-species-taxonomy","content_types-information-sheet","topics-anatomy-physiology","topics-behavior","topics-husbandry","topics-nutrition","topics-preventive-medicine","species-african-grey","species-avian","species-parrot","channel-resources-education","contributor-pollock"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Information Sheet: African Grey Parrot - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"African grey parrots are among the most familiar of all parrots. Originating from central Africa, many African cities now have feral populations. The Timneh grey parrot is localized to the Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone. Habitats for grey parrots include savannahs, coastal mangroves, woodland and edges of forest clearings. 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Habitats for grey parrots include savannahs, coastal mangroves, woodland and edges of forest clearings. African greys are listed under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix II, which means these species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LafeberVet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-09-28T04:06:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-22T14:02:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/african-grey-parrot.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"615\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Christal Pollock, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christal Pollock, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Christal Pollock, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice)\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c81ad95bd36f6c15774985ab6dc5d274\"},\"headline\":\"Basic Information Sheet: African Grey Parrot\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-09-28T04:06:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-22T14:02:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1005,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/african-grey-parrot.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"frugivore\",\"granivore\",\"natural history\",\"taxonomy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/\",\"name\":\"Basic Information Sheet: African Grey Parrot - LafeberVet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/african-grey-parrot.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-09-28T04:06:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-22T14:02:42+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lafeber.com\\\/vet\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c81ad95bd36f6c15774985ab6dc5d274\"},\"description\":\"African grey parrots are among the most familiar of all parrots. Originating from central Africa, many African cities now have feral populations. The Timneh grey parrot is localized to the Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone. Habitats for grey parrots include savannahs, coastal mangroves, woodland and edges of forest clearings. 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