{"id":4037,"date":"2014-09-28T04:34:30","date_gmt":"2014-09-28T04:34:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/staging\/vet\/?p=4037"},"modified":"2021-11-07T09:42:10","modified_gmt":"2021-11-07T15:42:10","slug":"basic-information-sheet-for-the-amazon-parrot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-amazon-parrot\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Information Sheet:  Amazon Parrot"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Amazon parrot-<em>Amazona spp.<\/em><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amazon-on-perch2-Rivera.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8248\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amazon-on-perch2-Rivera.jpg\" alt=\"Amazon Rivera\" width=\"600\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amazon-on-perch2-Rivera.jpg 700w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amazon-on-perch2-Rivera-500x306.jpg 500w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amazon-on-perch2-Rivera-400x245.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Natural History<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nAmazon parrots originate from a large portion of the Amazon Basin in South America although species-specific ranges vary. Habitats range from savannah, palm grove, scrub forest to rainforest.\u00a0 Wild Amazon parrots are incredibly active, foraging and flying in flocks.<\/p>\n<p>Amazon parrots are listed on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) list. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits.<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Class<\/strong>: <em>Aves<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Order<\/strong>: <em>Psittaciformes<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Genus<\/strong>: <em>Amazona<\/em> 27 species and many subspecies<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Amazona finschi<\/em>: Lilac-crowned Amazon parrot<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Amazona auropalliata<\/em>: Yellow-naped Amazon<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Amazona amazonica<\/em>: Orange-winged Amazon<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>A. ochrocephala oratrix<\/em>: Double yellow-headed Amazon<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>A. aestiva<\/em>: Blue-fronted Amazon<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amazon parrots are stocky birds with rounded, short tails. Members of genus <em>Amazona<\/em> typically range from 12-15 in (30-38 cm) in length.<\/li>\n<li>The plumage is mostly green but other colorful markings are seen in various species. For example, orange-winged Amazons have a large orange patch on the underside of their wings.<\/li>\n<li>Amazon parrots are sexually monomorphic except for the rare yellow-lored Amazon (<em>Amazona xantholora<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Diet<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amazons may be frugivores, florivores, and\/or omnivores so free ranging birds feed on fruits, flowers, seeds, and sometimes insects.<\/li>\n<li>Feed companion birds a varied <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/feeding-your-pet-bird-a-healthy-diet\/\"> diet<\/a> to decrease the likelihood of obesity.<\/li>\n<li>Since psittacine birds hull seeds before ingestion, they do not require grit. In fact, some individuals will overeat grit when ill putting them at risk for impaction.<\/li>\n<li>All-seed diets are deficient in protein, vitamins, and minerals including calcium and vitamin A.<\/li>\n<li>Amazon parrots are likely to gain weight with inactivity because of their hearty eating habits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Husbandry<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide frequent water baths or showers to maintain normal skin\/feather quality.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/plants-and-branches-for-your-bird\/\">Perch<\/a> diameter should be should be approximately 1 in (2.5 cm).<\/li>\n<li>Cage bar spacing should range from 0.75-1.0 in (1.9-2.5 cm) for most species. Larger Amazons may require 0.75-1.5 in (1.9-3.8 cm).<\/li>\n<li>Activity is important for Amazon parrots to prevent obesity and secondary health problems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Behavior<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amazon parrots can be noisy.<\/li>\n<li>Amazons are generally good family pets with a reasonable temperament, however behavior that may be perceived as aggression can be exhibited, particularly during the breeding season.<\/li>\n<li>Amazons are typically extroverted birds that do not fixate on one person in the household. Social interaction is important for their well-being.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fascinating Facts on Foraging and Enrichment\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fascinating-facts-on-foraging-and-enrichment\/\">Foraging<\/a> is an important part of normal daily parrot activity. Teach and encourage pet birds to play and forage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Normal physiologic values<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Temperature (average)*<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">41.8\u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">107.1\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Heart rate (beats\/min)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">340-600<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Respiration (breaths\/min)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">15-45<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Body weight (g)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Orange-winged<br \/>\nLilac-crowned<br \/>\nBlue-fronted<br \/>\nYellow-naped<br \/>\n<br \/>\nDouble yellow-head<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">300-360 (up to 490 recorded)<br \/>\n325<br \/>\n375-400 (up to 500 recorded) <br \/>\n480          (550-680 recorded)<br \/>\n450-545 (up to 650 recorded)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mean life span (years)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">40-60 <\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sexual maturity<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">4-6 years<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Weaning age (days)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">90-120 \u2013 Parent- raised<br \/>\n75-90 \u2013 Hand-reared<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Weaning age varies with the individual, and should never be based on a pre-determined time period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Fledgling age (days)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">45-60<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mean incubation (days)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">28-29<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Incubation ranges from 24-29 depending on the species.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Average number of eggs laid<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">3-4<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Target environmental temperature<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Mimic natural environment.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Household temperatures of 70-80\u00b0F (21-27\u00b0C) are generally acceptable, however healthy birds can tolerate hot and cold temperatures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache --><br \/>\n* Routine avian exam does not include measuring body temperature<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Anatomy and physiology<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amazon parrots lack a preen or uropygial gland.<\/li>\n<li>Amazon parrot plumage has a distinctive, musky odor.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"General Avian Medicine\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/avian-medicine\/general-avian-medicine\/avian-anatomy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Anatomic traits<\/a> of Order Psittaciformes include:\n<ul>\n<li>Communication of the right and left nasal sinus<\/li>\n<li>The only avian tongue with intrinsic muscles<\/li>\n<li>Simply syrinx<\/li>\n<li>Craniofacial hinge of beak is a synovial joint<\/li>\n<li>Ceca absent<\/li>\n<li>Gall bladder often absent<\/li>\n<li>Zygodactyl foot: two toes pointed backward and two pointed forward<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Restraint<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>Amazons may be <a title=\"Parrot Handling\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/parrot-handling\/\">restrained<\/a> by holding the head between index and middle fingers. Support the body with palm of the hand as well as the thumb and little finger.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Venipuncture<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nUse a 25-gauge needle and 1 to 3-mL syringe to <a title=\"Venipuncture in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/venipuncture\/\">draw blood<\/a> from the right jugular vein. Collection of up to 1% of body weight is acceptable in healthy patients.<br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Preventive medicine<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain a complete history and perform a thorough annual <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/physical-examination-of-the-avian-patient\/\">physical examination<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Establish baseline data with regular clinical testing (complete <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">blood count<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/protein-electrophoresis-in-avian-patients\/\">protein electrophoresis<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">plasma biochemistries<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure proper <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-african-grey-parrot\/\">husbandry<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Recommend <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avicultural-medicine-quarantine-protocols\/\">quarantine<\/a> of newly acquired birds.<\/li>\n<li>Perform additional testing for select diseases based on history and physical exam findings: avian polyomavirus and <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">chlamydiosis<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Determine the origin and history of newly acquired sick birds to contain and prevent further spread of disease.<\/li>\n<li>Birds housed in large groups or aviaries are at higher risk of Pacheco\u2019s disease virus and use of the vaccine may be indicated.<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">avian polyomavirus<\/a> vaccine is recommended for breeding populations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Injections<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/emergency-medicine\/birds\/intramuscular-injections-in-birds\/\" target=\"_blank\">Intramuscular<\/a> (IM)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reasonably safe, most accurate.<br \/>\r\nInject middle of muscle mass.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Ideal location \u2013Pectoral muscle mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/avian-medicine\/avian-emergency-medicine\/injections\/\" target=\"_blank\">Subcutaneous<\/a> (SC)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Large volumes can be injected, poor absorption.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Location:  Inguinal or precrural fold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/avian-medicine\/avian-emergency-medicine\/injections\/\" target=\"_blank\">Intravenous<\/a> (IV)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Effective, narrow safety range.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">The right jugular vein or brachial vein are most commonly used. <br \/>\r\nAlternative option: superficial metatarsal vein.<br \/>\r\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2 from cache --><br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Important medical conditions<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-3\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>Non-infectious diseases<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><b>Infectious disease<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b>Species-specific concern<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/obesity\/\">Obesity<\/a>, hepatic lipidosis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">Chlamydiosis<\/a> <\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Epilepsy has been reported in red-lored Amazon parrots (<em>Amazona autumnalis autumnalis<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/avian-medicine\/general-avian-medicine\/fungal-disease\/\">Aspergillosis<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/avian-medicine\/avian-nutrition\/omega-3-atherosclerosis\/\">Atherosclerosis<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/avian-medicine\/avian-emergency-medicine\/reproductive-emergencies\/\">Egg binding <\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hypovitaminosis and secondary sinusitis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hemoglobinuria is seen in Amazons with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafebervet.com\/avian-medicine-2\/avian-emergency-medicine\/heavy-metal-toxicity-in-birds\/\">lead toxicity<\/a> <\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Internal papillomatosis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-3 from cache --><br \/>\n<\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ref\">References<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amazon parrots originate from a large portion of the Amazon Basin in South America although species-specific ranges vary. Habitats range from savannah, palm grove, scrub forest to rainforest.  Wild Amazon parrots are incredibly active, foraging and flying in flocks&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1430,389,711,702],"class_list":["post-4037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-frugivore","tag-natural-history","tag-omnivore","tag-species-taxonomy","content_types-information-sheet","topics-anatomy-physiology","topics-behavior","topics-husbandry","topics-nutrition","topics-preventive-medicine","species-amazon","species-avian","species-parrot","channel-resources-education","contributor-pollock"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Information Sheet: Amazon Parrot - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Amazon parrots originate from a large portion of the Amazon Basin in South America although species-specific ranges vary. 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Habitats range from savannah, palm grove, scrub forest to rainforest. 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