{"id":4045,"date":"2014-09-28T05:29:01","date_gmt":"2014-09-28T05:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/staging\/vet\/?p=4045"},"modified":"2016-03-05T04:35:22","modified_gmt":"2016-03-05T04:35:22","slug":"basic-information-sheet-for-the-canary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-canary\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Information Sheet:  Canary"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Canary \u2013 <em>Serinus spp.<\/em><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Canary-cropped-width-10001.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8261\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/Canary-cropped-width-10001.jpg\" alt=\"canary\" width=\"600\" height=\"282\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Natural history<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>Originating from the Canary Islands, the canary\u2019s song captured the attention of Europeans, who started importing these birds in the late 1500\u2019s. Although breeding for desirable traits has produced many variations, the wild canary is a small, green bird. Free-ranging populations are strong and are found in a wide variety of habitats, which is why the canary was placed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category of \u201cLeast Concern\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Class<\/strong>: <em>Aves<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Order<\/strong>: <em>Passeriformes<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Family<\/strong>: <em>Fringillidae<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Serinus canaria<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>S. c. domestica<\/em> &#8211; Domestic or song canary<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Breeds<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>There are over 200 breeds of canary. Canaries are bred for color (e.g., red factor canary), song (e.g., the Waterslager, German roller, American singer), and form (e.g., frills, crested, or shape groupings). Most canaries sold in pet stores are not of any specific breed, and are often called \u201ccommon canaries\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Full plumage is seen in fall and winter when mature feathers are in and birds are ready to mate.<\/li>\n<li>Color canaries are divided into a melanin group (brown, black, etc.) and lipochrome group (white, red, and yellow).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Sexual dimorphism<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Canaries normally sing during the fall, winter, and spring. Most canaries stop singing while they molt during the summer months.<\/li>\n<li>Males have a more melodious song.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Diet<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Canaries are granivores. The diet should be supplemented with fresh fruits, vegetables, and a protein source like egg food.<\/li>\n<li>Color additives from commercial products or a diet high in pigmented foods added to influence feather color, especially for red factors.<\/li>\n<li>White canaries have a higher dietary vitamin A requirement.<\/li>\n<li>All-seed diets are deficient in vitamins, mineral, and protein including calcium and vitamin A.<\/li>\n<li>Canaries do not require grit, however they should be offered a cuttlebone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Husbandry<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Canaries are mostly a \u201chands-off\u201d pet, although they can recognize their owner.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a large cage measuring at least 18 in (46 cm) long and wide.<\/li>\n<li>Cage bar spacing should be approximately 3\/8 in (1 cm).<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">Perch<\/a> diameter should range from 53\/8 to 3\/4 in (1-1.9 cm) in diameter.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a bird bath at least twice a week.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Behavior<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Canaries are lively birds.<\/li>\n<li>During summer molting, singing may decrease or stop in canaries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Normal physiologic values<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table width=\"698\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"242\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td width=\"311\">108\u00b0F<\/td>\n<td width=\"485\">42\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Resting heart rate (beats\/min)<\/td>\n<td>Approximately 274<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Respiration (breaths\/min)<\/td>\n<td>60-80<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Body weight (g)<\/td>\n<td>12-30<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean life span (years)<\/td>\n<td>6-12, up to 15<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean number of incubation days<\/td>\n<td>12-14<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Average number of eggs laid (clutch size)<\/td>\n<td>Type canaries (most common canary that can be identified by their shape or appearance)<\/td>\n<td>4 eggs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Color canaries<\/td>\n<td>4-7 eggs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fledgling Age (days)<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Weaning Age (days)<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Puberty (years)<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Food intake<\/td>\n<td>Up to 30% of body weight (BW)\/day<\/td>\n<td>Basal metabolic rate 65% higher than non-passerines.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Water intake<\/td>\n<td>250-300 ml\/kg BW\/day<\/td>\n<td>May die if water withheld for &gt;48 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Target environmental temperature<\/td>\n<td>About 75\u00b0F (24\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>Canaries can be acclimated to colder temperatures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">*Routine avian exam does not include measuring body temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Anatomy and physiology<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>Song canaries utilize both bronchial ends of the syrinx to produce two sounds at once. Canaries share the following <a title=\"General Avian Medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-medicine\/\" target=\"_blank\">anatomic traits<\/a> with other members of Order Passeriformes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Very high metabolic rate.<\/li>\n<li>7 air sacs: the cranial thoracic air sacs are fused to the single median clavicular air sac.<\/li>\n<li>Neopulmo and paleopulmo divisions of lungs well developed.<\/li>\n<li>There is no communication between left and right nasal sinuses.<\/li>\n<li>An anisodactylous foot well-developed for perching: one toe (the hallux) is behind and the other three toes are in front.<\/li>\n<li>The spleen is oblong, not spherical.<\/li>\n<li>The ceca are rudimentary or vestigial.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Restraint<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cLights out\/perches out\u201d: To catch up a canary, place the cage on the examination table. Turn the lights off and catch up the bird quickly before it acclimates to the darkness.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Passerine Handling\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/passerine-handling\/\">Restrain<\/a> the canary\u2019s head between the index and middle fingers. Use your thumb and little finger to gently control the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Venipuncture<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Using a 27-to 30-gauge needle and a 0.5 or 1.0 mL syringe, draw blood from the right jugular vein. Collection of up to 1% of body weight is acceptable in the healthy patient.<\/li>\n<li>The predominate white blood cell in passerines is the lymphocyte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Preventive medicine<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain a complete history and perform a thorough annual <a title=\"Avian Physical Examination: The Basics\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/physical-examination-of-the-avian-patient\/\">physical examination<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure <a title=\"Avian Nutrition\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/exotic\/#!\/species=avian&amp;topics=nutrition\" target=\"_blank\">proper nutrition<\/a> and <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">husbandry<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Recommend <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avicultural-medicine-quarantine-protocols\/\">quarantine<\/a> of newly acquired birds.<\/li>\n<li>Perform additional testing for select diseases based on history and physical exam findings<\/li>\n<li>Determine origin and history of newly acquired sick birds to contain and prevent further spread of disease.<\/li>\n<li>Poxvirus immunization is indicated for canaries housed outdoors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Injections<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Intramuscular Injections in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/intramuscular-injections-in-birds\/\">Intramuscular<\/a> (IM)<\/td>\n<td>Reasonably safe, most accurate.<br \/>\nInject middle of muscle mass.<\/td>\n<td>Ideal location \u2013Pectoral muscle mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\nInjections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Subcutaneous<\/a> (SQ)<\/td>\n<td>Large volumes can be injected, poor absorption.<\/td>\n<td>Location:\u00a0 Inguinal or precrural fold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\nInjections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Intravenous<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Effective, narrow safety range.<\/td>\n<td>Right jugular vein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Important medical conditions<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"600\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Infectious Diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Atoxoplasmosis<\/strong> (non-specific signs of illness, diarrhea, neurologic signs, death)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fungal Disease in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fungal-disease\/\">Avian gastric yeast (M. ornithogaster)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Psittacosis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">Chlamydophilosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Coccidiosis (<em>Isospora canaria<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>E. coli<\/em> diarrhea in nestlings<\/li>\n<li><em>Enterococcus faecalis<\/em> (tracheitis, pneumonia, air sacculitis)<\/li>\n<li>Listeriosis (neurologic disease)<\/li>\n<li>Mycoplasmosis (respiratory disease)<\/li>\n<li>Paramyxovirus-3 (poor condition, CNS signs especially torticollis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Poxvirus (dry, wet, and septicemic forms)<\/li>\n<li>Salmonellosis (granulomatous enteritis)<\/li>\n<li>Toxoplasmosis (acute respiratory disease, chronic neurologic signs,)<\/li>\n<li>Yersiniosis (peracute mortality)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Non-Infectious conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cataracts<\/li>\n<li>Feather cysts<\/li>\n<li>Male baldness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>**<em>Login to view references<\/em>**<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ref\">References<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originating from the Canary Islands, the canary\u2019s song captured the attention of Europeans, who started importing these birds in the late 1500\u2019s. Although breeding for desirable traits has produced many variations, the wild canary is a small, green bird. Free-ranging populations are strong and are found in a wide variety of habitats, which is why the canary was placed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category of \u201cLeast Concern\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4046,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[514,1403,389,695,702],"class_list":["post-4045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-breeds","tag-granivore","tag-natural-history","tag-sexual-dimorphism","tag-species-taxonomy","content_types-information-sheet","topics-anatomy-physiology","topics-behavior","topics-husbandry","topics-nutrition","topics-preventive-medicine","species-avian","species-canary","species-passerine","channel-resources-education","contributor-pollock"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Information Sheet: Canary - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Originating from the Canary Islands, the canary\u2019s song captured the attention of Europeans, who started importing these birds in the late 1500\u2019s. Although breeding for desirable traits has produced many variations, the wild canary is a small, green bird. Free-ranging populations are strong and are found in a wide variety of habitats, which is why the canary was placed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category of \u201cLeast Concern\u201d.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-canary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Basic Information Sheet: Canary - LafeberVet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Originating from the Canary Islands, the canary\u2019s song captured the attention of Europeans, who started importing these birds in the late 1500\u2019s. Although breeding for desirable traits has produced many variations, the wild canary is a small, green bird. 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