{"id":4064,"date":"2014-09-29T04:39:38","date_gmt":"2014-09-29T04:39:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/staging\/vet\/?p=4064"},"modified":"2021-05-22T09:04:44","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T14:04:44","slug":"basic-information-sheet-for-the-conure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-conure\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Information Sheet:  Conure"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Conure<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/conure-perching-on-finger-cropped-width-1200.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8281\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/conure-perching-on-finger-cropped-width-1200.jpg\" alt=\"conure\" width=\"600\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/conure-perching-on-finger-cropped-width-1200.jpg 700w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/conure-perching-on-finger-cropped-width-1200-500x260.jpg 500w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/conure-perching-on-finger-cropped-width-1200-400x208.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Natural history<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>Most conures are found in regions of the Amazon Basin but some species are from the Caribbean islands.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Conservation status<\/h2>\n<p><\/div>\n<p>Conures are on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) list. These species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Class<\/strong>: <em>Aves<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Order<\/strong>: <em>Psittaciformes<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Family<\/strong>: <em>Psittacidae<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><strong>Genus<\/strong>: <em>Aratinga<\/em> includes 19 species<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Aratinga acuticaudata<\/em> \u2013 Blue-crowned or sharp-tailed conure<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Aratinga solstitialis<\/em> \u2013 Sun conure<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Aratinga jandaya<\/em> \u2013 Jenday conure<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><strong>Genus<\/strong>: <em>Pyrrhura<\/em> includes 18 species<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Pyrrhura molinae<\/em> \u2013 Green-cheeked conure<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Pyrrhura frontalis<\/em> \u2013Maroon or red-bellied conure<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><strong>Genus<\/strong>: <em>Enicognathus<\/em> contains 2 species<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">There are also several single-species genera.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><em>Nandayus nenday<\/em> \u2013 Nanday conure<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\">\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conures are small to medium-sized birds with strong beaks and long tails.<\/li>\n<li>Most <i>Aratinga<\/i> species are green birds with red, brown, or blue markings. The Jenday conure has a yellow head and breast while the sun conure is mostly yellow with green wings and tail as well as orange markings on its head and abdomen.<\/li>\n<li><em>Pyrrhura<\/em> species are mostly green with red-brown tails and some scalloped design to the feathers on the neck. There are also a variety of species-specific markings. The maroon-bellied and green-cheeked are often confused, but the maroon-bellied has a heart-shaped maroon shading compared to the only slightly reddish belly of the green-Cheeked.<\/li>\n<li>Conures are sexually monomorphic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Diet<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conures are granivores and frugivores. Free-ranging birds eat a variety of <a title=\"Seeds Commonly Fed to Companion Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/seeds\/\">seeds<\/a>, fruits, and nuts. Companion birds should be fed a varied diet with sufficient vitamin K.<\/li>\n<li>Queen of Bavaria conures (<i>Aratinga guarouba<\/i>) have higher dietary fat requirements. Since psittacine birds hull seeds before ingestion, they do not require grit. In fact, some individuals will overeat grit when ill putting them at risk for impaction.<\/li>\n<li>All-seed diets are deficient in protein, vitamins, and minerals including calcium and vitamin A.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Husbandry<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Provide frequent water baths or showers to maintain normal skin\/feather quality.<\/li>\n<li>These active birds need enough room for flapping, hopping, and climbing. Minimum cage dimensions should be 20 x 20 x 36 in (51 x 51 x 91 cm). Appropriate cage bar spacing of 0.5-0.75 in (1.3-1.9 cm) is recommended for small conures, while 0.75-1.0 in (1.9- 2.5 cm) is recommended for large conures.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">Perch<\/a> diameter should be between \u00bd to 5\/8 in (1.3-1.6 cm). Sand paper perch covers are very abrasive to the feet, and are not recommended.<\/li>\n<li>Toys are extremely important, especially for the blue-crowned conure, which is an avid chewer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Behavior<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conures are active, playful birds.<\/li>\n<li><em>Pyrrhura<\/em> species are relatively quiet, while some <em>Aratinga<\/em> species have very loud, harsh voices.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Fascinating Facts on Foraging and Enrichment\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fascinating-facts-on-foraging-and-enrichment\/\">Foraging<\/a> is an important part of normal daily parrot activity. Teach and encourage pet birds to play and forage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Normal physiologic values<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Temperature (average)*<\/td>\n<td>41.8\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>107.1\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Resting heart rate (beats\/min)<\/td>\n<td>Variable<\/td>\n<td>206 (average)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Respiration (breaths\/min)<\/td>\n<td>Small conure<\/td>\n<td>40-50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Large conure<\/td>\n<td>30-45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Body weight (g)<\/td>\n<td>Green-cheeked<\/td>\n<td>60-80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Red-bellied<\/td>\n<td>70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sun conure<\/td>\n<td>120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Nanday<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Blue-crowned<\/td>\n<td>130-180 (165)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"45\"><\/td>\n<td>Lesser Patagonian<\/td>\n<td>240-310<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean life span (years)<\/td>\n<td>20-25<\/td>\n<td>35-40y has been reported<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sexual maturity (years)<\/td>\n<td>1-3<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Weaning age (days)<\/td>\n<td>45-70<\/td>\n<td>Parent-raised<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fledgling age (days)<\/td>\n<td>35-40<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean number of incubation (days)<\/td>\n<td>21-30<\/td>\n<td>Depends on species<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Average number of eggs laid<\/td>\n<td>2-4<\/td>\n<td>Can be up to 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Water intake<\/td>\n<td>High individual variability<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Target environmental temperature<\/td>\n<td>Mimic natural environment.<\/td>\n<td>Household temperatures of 70-80\u00b0F (21-27\u00b0C) are generally acceptable, however healthy birds can tolerate hot and cold temperatures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">* A routine avian exam does not include measuring body temperature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Anatomy and physiology<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"General Avian Medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-medicine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Anatomic traits<\/a> of Order Psittaciformes include:\n<ul>\n<li>Communication of the right and left nasal sinus<\/li>\n<li>The only avian tongue with intrinsic muscles<\/li>\n<li>Simply syrinx<\/li>\n<li>Craniofacial hinge of beak is a synovial joint<\/li>\n<li>Ceca absent<\/li>\n<li>Gall bladder often absent<\/li>\n<li>Zygodactyl foot: two toes pointed backward and two pointed forward<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Restraint<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conures may be <a title=\"Parrot Handling\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/parrot-handling\/\">restrained<\/a> by holding the head between index and middle fingers and supporting the body with the palm of the hand as well as the thumb and little finger.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Venipuncture<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>Using a 25-gauge needle and a 1 or 3mL syringe, <a title=\"Venipuncture in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/venipuncture\/\">draw blood<\/a> from the right jugular vein. Up to 1% of body weight is acceptable in healthy patients.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Preventive medicine<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain a complete history and perform a thorough annual <a title=\"Avian Physical Examination: The Basics\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/physical-examination-of-the-avian-patient\/\">physical examination<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Establish baseline data with regular clinical testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">complete blood count,\u00a0plasma biochemistry panels<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Protein Electrophoresis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/protein-electrophoresis-in-avian-patients\/\">protein electrophoresis<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Ensure <a title=\"Avian Nutrition\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/exotic\/#!\/species=avian&amp;topics=nutrition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proper nutrition<\/a> and <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">husbandry<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Recommend <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\" https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avicultural-medicine-quarantine-protocols\/\">quarantine<\/a> of newly acquired birds.<\/li>\n<li>Perform additional testing for select diseases based on history and physical exam findings: avian polyomavirus, <a title=\"Psittacosis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">psittacosis<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Determine the origin and history of newly acquired sick birds to contain and prevent further spread of disease.<\/li>\n<li>Birds housed in large groups or aviaries are at higher risk of Pacheco\u2019s disease virus and use of the vaccine may be indicated.<\/li>\n<li>The avian <a title=\"Avian Polyomavirus Primer\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-polyomavirus-primer\/\">polyomavirus<\/a> vaccine is recommended for breeding populations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Injections<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Intramuscular Injections in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/intramuscular-injections-in-birds\/\">Intramuscular<\/a> (IM)<\/td>\n<td>Reasonably safe, most accurate.Inject middle of muscle mass.<\/td>\n<td>Ideal location \u2013Pectoral muscle mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds: Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Subcutaneous<\/a> (SQ)<\/td>\n<td>Large volumes can be injected, poor absorption.<\/td>\n<td>Location:\u00a0 Inguinal or precrural fold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds: Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Intravenous<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Effective, narrow safety range.<\/td>\n<td>Right jugular vein or brachial vein is most commonly used.Alternative option: superficial metatarsal vein.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Important medical conditions<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"600\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Infectious conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chlamydiosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/psittacine-beak-and-feather-disease\/\">Psittacine beak and feather disease<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><strong>Non-Infectious Diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Internal papillomatosis<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Trauma in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/trauma\/\">Traumatic injury<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Conures, particularly Nanday and Patagonian conures, may serve as asymptomatic carriers of Pacheco\u2019s disease virus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most conures are found in regions of the Amazon Basin  but some species are from the Caribbean islands. Conures are on Appendix II of  the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) list. These  species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so  unless their trade is strictly regulated.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8285,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1430,1403,389,702],"class_list":["post-4064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-frugivore","tag-granivore","tag-natural-history","tag-species-taxonomy","content_types-information-sheet","topics-anatomy-physiology","topics-behavior","topics-husbandry","topics-nutrition","topics-preventive-medicine","species-avian","species-conure","species-parrot","channel-resources-education","contributor-pollock"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Information Sheet: Conure - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conures are small to medium-sized birds with strong beaks and long tails. 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