{"id":4129,"date":"2014-09-29T19:20:34","date_gmt":"2014-09-29T19:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lafeber.com\/staging\/vet\/?p=4129"},"modified":"2024-05-01T17:25:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T22:25:37","slug":"basic-information-sheet-for-the-finch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/basic-information-sheet-for-the-finch\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Information Sheet:  Finch"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Finch<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/owl-finch.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4130\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/owl-finch.jpg\" alt=\"Basic Information Sheet for the Finch\" width=\"600\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/owl-finch.jpg 600w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/owl-finch-500x328.jpg 500w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/owl-finch-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Natural history<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\nFinches are found worldwide. The zebra finch, owl finch and Gouldian finch are originally from Australia where large flocks maybe found, mainly in arid grassland areas. Owl finches are also found in woodlands and scrublands.\u00a0 The Bengalese or society finch is a cross between the sharp-tailed munia and striata munia and was never found in nature.<\/p>\n<p>Of family Fringillidae, only the red siskin and yellow siskin are listed in Appendix I and Appendix II of <em>Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species<\/em> (CITES) listings respectively. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. Appendix II species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><br \/>\n<strong>Class<\/strong>:\u00a0 <em>Aves<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Order<\/strong>:\u00a0 <em>Passeriformes<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Family<\/strong>:\u00a0 <em>Estrildidae<\/em>: 140 species<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Erythrura gouldiae<\/em>: Gouldian finch<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Lonchura striata<\/em>: Bengalese or society finch<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Taeniopygia bichenovii annulosa<\/em>: owl finch<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Taeniopygia guttata guttata<\/em>: zebra finch, the most common pet finch sold<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Family<\/strong>:\u00a0 <em>Fringillidae<\/em>: \u2018True finches\u2019, more than 125 species<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Carduelis cucullata<\/em>: red siskin<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Carduelis xanthogastra<\/em>: yellow-bellied siskin<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">Many birds in other families are also called finches.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/div>\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gouldian finch \u2013 vivid normal coloration with both accepted and \u201cnon accepted\u201d color mutations.<\/li>\n<li>Bengalese\/society finch \u2013 brown, tan, and white patterns.<\/li>\n<li>Zebra finch \u2013 Black-and-white tail, red beak with color mutations common.<\/li>\n<li>Nestlings have species-specific luminous mouth parts to attract feeding parents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Sexual dimorphism<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Gouldian finch is sexually dimorphic with males much brighter than females.<\/li>\n<li>The differences between the male and female of other species like the owl finch are extremely subtle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Diet<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>Finches are granivores that feed primarily on a variety of seeds in the wild. Captive birds are often fed pellets or seed mixes supplemented with egg food and greens.Only a small amount of grit should be offered.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Husbandry<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cages housing active birds should have at least two perches.<\/li>\n<li>Cages should be at least 14 inches long and wide for a pair, a longer cage being important for flight ability.\u00a0 Owl finches should have a cage at least 2&#215;3 feet with access to shade.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">Perches<\/a> should be 3\/8 \u2013 \u00be inches.<\/li>\n<li>Cage bar spacing should not be greater than \u00bd inch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Behavior<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>High stress levels in Gouldian finches. Barbering (or feather picking of flock members) can be a manifestation of overcrowding and aggression.<\/li>\n<li>Zebra finches adapt well to captivity.<\/li>\n<li>Bengalese finches are excellent foster parents to Gouldian finches.<\/li>\n<li>Need lots of exercise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Normal physiologic values<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Temperature<\/td>\n<td>42\u00b0C (108\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Resting heart rate (beats\/min)<\/td>\n<td>Estimated 274<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Respiration (breaths\/min)<\/td>\n<td>90-110<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Body weight (g)<\/td>\n<td>Zebra finch<\/td>\n<td>10-16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean life span (years)<\/td>\n<td>Zebra finch, society finch<\/td>\n<td>4-7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fledgling age (days)<\/td>\n<td>Zebra finch, society finch<\/td>\n<td>18-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Weaning age (days)<\/td>\n<td>21-28<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Puberty (months)<\/td>\n<td>Zebra finch, society finch<\/td>\n<td>9-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean number of Incubation days<\/td>\n<td>About 14<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Average number of eggs laid<\/td>\n<td>3-6<\/td>\n<td>Limit clutches with proliferative species &#8211; Bengalese and zebra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Food intake<\/td>\n<td>Up to 30% of BW\/day<\/td>\n<td>Basal metabolic rate 65% higher than non-passerine birds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Water intake<\/td>\n<td>250-300 ml\/kg BW\/day<\/td>\n<td>Zebra finch and other desert birds are an exception,and some finches can go months without a direct water source.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Target environmental temperature<\/td>\n<td>Mimic natural environment.\u00a0 Generally, household temperatures of\u00a0 21-27\u00b0C (70-80\u00b0F) are acceptable.<\/td>\n<td>Gouldian finches are less able to withstand extreme temperatures when compared to society finches.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">*Routine avian exam does not include taking temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Anatomy and physiology<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>Finches share the following <a title=\"General Avian Medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-medicine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anatomic traits<\/a> with other members of order Passeriformes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Very high <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/passerine-anatomy-ten-key-facts\/#Metabolic_rate\">metabolic rate<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Seven <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-anatomy-basics\/#airsacs\">air sacs<\/a>:\u00a0 the cranial thoracic air sacs are fused to the single median clavicular air sac.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-anatomy-basics\/#paleo\">Neopulmo and paleopulmo<\/a> divisions of lungs well developed.<\/li>\n<li>There is no communication between left and right nasal <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/passerine-anatomy-ten-key-facts\/#Respiratory_system\">sinuses<\/a><\/li>\n<li>An <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/passerine-anatomy-ten-key-facts\/#Musculoskeletal_system\">anisodactylous foot<\/a> well-developed for perching:\u00a0 one toe (the hallux) is behind and the other three toes are in front<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/passerine-anatomy-ten-key-facts\/#Lymphoid_tissue\">spleen<\/a> is oblong, not spherical.<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-anatomy-basics\/#ceca\">ceca<\/a> are rudimentary or vestigial.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Restraint<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<p>\u201cLights out\/perches out\u201d:\u00a0 To catch up a finch, place the cage on the examination table. Turn the lights off and catch up the bird quickly before it acclimates to the darkness. <a title=\"Passerine Handling\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/passerine-handling\/\">Restrain<\/a> the head between the index and middle fingers.Use your thumb and little finger to gently control the body.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Venipuncture<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Using a 27-to 30-gauge needle and 0.5-1.0 mL syringe, draw blood from the right jugular vein.Collection of up to 1% of body weight is acceptable in the healthy patient.<\/li>\n<li>The predominate white blood cell in passerine birds is the lymphocyte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Preventive medicine<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain a complete history and perform a thorough annual <a title=\"Avian Physical Examination: The Basics\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/physical-examination-of-the-avian-patient\/\">physical examination<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Establish baseline data with regular clinical testing (<a title=\"Avian Hematology\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">complete blood count<\/a>, <a title=\"Protein Electrophoresis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/protein-electrophoresis-in-avian-patients\/\">protein electrophoresis<\/a>, and <a title=\"Avian Biochemistry Panels\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-hematology\/\">plasma biochemistries<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure <a title=\"Avian Nutrition\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/exotic\/#!\/species=avian&amp;topics=nutrition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proper nutrition<\/a> and <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/content_types\/client-education-handout\/\">husbandry<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Recommend <a title=\"Client Education Material\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avicultural-medicine-quarantine-protocols\/\">quarantine<\/a> of newly acquired birds.<\/li>\n<li>Perform additional testing for select diseases based on history and physical exam findings:avian polyomavirus, <a title=\"Psittacosis in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-chlamydiosis\/\">psittacosis<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Determine the origin and history of newly acquired sick birds to contain and prevent further spread of disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Injections<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Intramuscular Injections in Birds\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/intramuscular-injections-in-birds\/\">Intramuscular<\/a> (IM)<\/td>\n<td>Reasonably safe, most accurate.<br \/>\nInject middle of muscle mass.<\/td>\n<td>Ideal location\u2013Pectoral muscle mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Subcutaneous<\/a> (SQ)<\/td>\n<td>Large volumes can be injected, poor absorption.<\/td>\n<td>Location:\u00a0Inguinal or precrural fold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Administration of Medication in Birds:&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; Injections\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/injections\/\">Intravenous<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Effective, narrow safety range.<\/td>\n<td>Right jugular vein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-one-third\"><\/p>\n<h2>Important medical conditions<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"ezcol ezcol-two-third ezcol-last\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Fungal Disease in Avian Patients\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/fungal-disease\/\">Avian gastric yeast<\/a> (<em>M. ornithogaster<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>Campylobacter fetus<\/em> (pale, voluminous stool; common in Estrildidae)<\/li>\n<li><em>Cochlosoma<\/em> (maldigestion, common in Bengalese finches)<\/li>\n<li>Colibacillosis<\/li>\n<li>Mycoplasmosis (conjunctivitis in free-ranging house finches, <em>Carpodacus mexicanus<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Papillomavirus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Paramyxovirus-3 (poor condition, CNS signs especially torticollis)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Avian Polyomavirus Primer\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/avian-polyomavirus-primer\/\">Polyomavirus<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Salmonellosis (granulomatous ingluvitis, European finches)<\/li>\n<li><em>Sternostoma tracheacolum (air sac mites)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Trichomoniasis<\/li>\n<li>Tuberculosis (red-hooded siskins may be particularly susceptible)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"ezcol-divider\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ref\">References<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Finches are found worldwide. The Zebra finch, Owl  finch and Gouldian finch are originally from Australia where large flocks may  be found, mainly in arid grassland areas. Owl finches are also found in  woodlands and scrublands.&nbsp; The Bengalese  or Society finch is a cross between the sharp-tailed munia and striata munia  and was never found in nature.&nbsp; Of  family Fringillidae, only the Red Siskin and the Yellow Siskin are listed in  Appendix I and Appendix II of <em>Convention on  International Trade in Endangered Species<\/em> (CITES) listings  respectively. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction, and commercial  trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research  requires special permits. Appendix II species are not necessarily threatened  with extinction, but may become so unless their trade is strictly regulated.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1403,389,695,702],"class_list":["post-4129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-granivore","tag-natural-history","tag-sexual-dimorphism","tag-species-taxonomy","content_types-information-sheet","topics-anatomy-physiology","topics-husbandry","topics-preventive-medicine","species-avian","species-finch","species-passerine","channel-resources-education","contributor-pollock"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic Information Sheet: Finch - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Finches are found worldwide. The Zebra finch, Owl finch and Gouldian finch are originally from Australia where large flocks may be found, mainly in arid grassland areas. Owl finches are also found in woodlands and scrublands.&nbsp; The Bengalese or Society finch is a cross between the sharp-tailed munia and striata munia and was never found in nature.&nbsp; Of family Fringillidae, only the Red Siskin and the Yellow Siskin are listed in Appendix I and Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listings respectively. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. 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Owl finches are also found in woodlands and scrublands.&nbsp; The Bengalese or Society finch is a cross between the sharp-tailed munia and striata munia and was never found in nature.&nbsp; Of family Fringillidae, only the Red Siskin and the Yellow Siskin are listed in Appendix I and Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listings respectively. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. 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The Zebra finch, Owl finch and Gouldian finch are originally from Australia where large flocks may be found, mainly in arid grassland areas. Owl finches are also found in woodlands and scrublands.&nbsp; The Bengalese or Society finch is a cross between the sharp-tailed munia and striata munia and was never found in nature.&nbsp; Of family Fringillidae, only the Red Siskin and the Yellow Siskin are listed in Appendix I and Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listings respectively. Appendix I species are threatened with extinction, and commercial trade is prohibited and importation\\\/exportation for scientific research requires special permits. 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