{"id":74695,"date":"2024-12-06T10:56:53","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T16:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/?p=74695"},"modified":"2026-09-12T17:42:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T22:42:38","slug":"clinical-pathology-of-herptiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-pathology-of-herptiles\/","title":{"rendered":"Clinical Pathology of Herptiles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bearded-dragon-tail-venipuncture-Lennox.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74699 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bearded-dragon-tail-venipuncture-Lennox.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bearded-dragon-tail-venipuncture-Lennox.png 800w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bearded-dragon-tail-venipuncture-Lennox-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bearded-dragon-tail-venipuncture-Lennox-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bearded-dragon-tail-venipuncture-Lennox-500x281.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><small>Photo:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/lennox-phillibeck\/\">Katie Lennox-Phillibeck<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/lennox\/\">Dr. Angela Lenno<\/a>x <\/small><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Clinicopathologic evaluation of reptiles is useful for health assessment and monitoring. There are specific considerations when evaluating data from this taxonomic group, including sex, age, time of year\/season, reproductive status, diet, captive versus wild, geographic location, methodology, and anticoagulant. This webinar\u00a0describes\u00a0hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis features of reptiles and amphibians as well as clinical relevance.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Outline<\/strong><\/h2>\n<table style=\"height: 339px;\" width=\"633\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">\n<p><div id=\"attachment_74717\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-copy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-74717\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-74717\" src=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-copy-400x352.png\" alt=\"reptile RBCs Sean Perry\" width=\"400\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-copy-400x352.png 400w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-copy-500x440.png 500w, https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-copy.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-74717\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><small>Photo:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/perry\/\">Dr. Sean Perry<\/a><\/small><\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/gen-prin-video-or-slideshow\/\">Sample handling<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Foundational comparative enzymology studies<\/li>\n<li>Major blood\/plasma\/serum proteins<\/li>\n<li>Acute phase reactants<\/li>\n<li>Biomarkers for consideration<\/li>\n<li>Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)<\/li>\n<li>Lactate<\/li>\n<li>Bile acids<\/li>\n<li>Ionized calcium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>About the presenter<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>J. Jill Heatley is an Associate Professor in zoo medicine at Texas A&amp;M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Dr. Heatley is board certified in avian medicine, reptile and amphibian medicine, as well as zoological medicine. She completed an internship in bird zoo and exotic animal medicine, a residency in zoological medicine, and a Master\u2019s degree program at Louisiana State University. [<a href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/heatley\/\">MORE<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Webinar recording<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/1048560986?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Post-test <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Take the brief post-test to earn 1 hour of continuing education credit. With a passing grade, you will receive a continuing education certificate in jurisdictions that recognize AAVSB RACE approval.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/post-test-clin-path-herps\/\"><strong>Test your knowledge<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Expert Q&amp;A<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Although most questions were addressed during the live event, remaining questions were answered by email and are shared below.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Any thoughts on formalin fixing blood cells for morphology?<\/strong><br \/>\n<i>Formalin fixing blood cells is a relatively newer thing for fish and invertebrates. [It] seems to work well, but I lack clinical info about reptiles with that [technique].<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I&#8217;d like some references about acute protein and lactate!<\/strong><br \/>\nThe moderator, Dr. Christal Pollock, wrote:\u00a0 This is not an exhaustive list, but many of the references related to Dr. Heatley&#8217;s discussion on acute phase proteins and lactate in herptiles are <a href=\"#1\">listed below<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>How to differentiate <i>Hepatozoon<\/i>\u00a0spp. and <i>Haemogregarina<\/i>\u00a0spp. on slide?<\/strong><br \/>\nDr. Heatley shared the following information: \u00a0<i>Actually, it appears I was wrong<\/i> [during the live Q+A session]<i> on &#8220;how to differentiate Hepatozoon spp and Haemogragarian on slides&#8221;. Hepatozoon is a hemogregarine , one of the four clades. (see Below)&#8230;One can differentiate leukocytozoon from hemoproteus by shape size and blood cells more often infected.<\/i><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The attendee was also referred to the following excerpt from this open access article:\u00a0 O&#8217;Donoghue P. Haemoprotozoa: Making biological sense of molecular phylogenies. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2017 Aug 26;6(3):241-256. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S221322441730069X?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi: 10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2017.08.007<\/a>. PMID: 28913164; PMCID: PMC5582378.<\/p>\n<p>7\u00a0Haemogregarines\u00a0 \u00a07.1\u00a0Biodiversity<br \/>\nFour haemogregarine clades have been associated with acarine\u00a0vectors (Hepatozoon\u00a0A and B, Karyolysus, Hemolivia) and another two with leeches (Dactylosoma, Haemogregarina\u00a0sensu stricto). &#8230;. Broad comparative studies with allied groups suggest that trypanosomatids\u00a0and haemogregarines evolved first in aquatic and then terrestrial environments, as evidenced by extant lineages\u00a0in invertebrates and their radiation in vertebrates. In contrast, haemosporidia\u00a0and haemococcidia are thought to have evolved first in vertebrates from proto-coccidia and then incorporated invertebrate vectors. Piroplasms are thought to have evolved in ticks and diversified into mammals. More molecular studies are required on more parasite taxa to refine current thought, but ultimately transmission studies are mandated to determine the vectors for many haemoprotozoa.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>RACE approval<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>This program was reviewed and approved by the American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB) Registry of Approved Continuing Education (RACE) program for 1 hour of continuing education credit for veterinarians and veterinary technicians in jurisdictions that recognize AAVSB RACE approval.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ref\">References<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J. Jill Heatley, MS, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice, Reptile &#038; Amphibian Practice), DACZM presented this live, interactive webinar. View the RACE-approved webinar recording, then take the brief quiz to earn 1 hour of continuing education credit. Clinicopathologic evaluation of reptiles and amphibians is useful for health assessment and monitoring. There are specific considerations when evaluating data from this taxonomic group, including sex, age, time of year\/season, reproductive status, diet, captive versus wild, geographic location, methodology, and anticoagulant. In this informative webinar Dr. Heatley discussed hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis features of reptiles and amphibians as well as the clinical relevance of test results. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":74726,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,1],"tags":[5908,1248,1177,644,5909,5910,554,5911,991],"class_list":["post-74695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-event","category-uncategorized","tag-anticoagulant","tag-bile-acid","tag-biochemistry","tag-calcium","tag-hematology","tag-lactate","tag-protein","tag-sdma","tag-urinalysis","content_types-article","content_types-video","content_types-webinar","topics-hematology","procedures-clinical-pathology","procedures-diagnostics","procedures-venipuncture","species-amphibians","species-lizard","species-reptiles-amphibians","species-snake","species-turtles-tortoises","channel-resources-education","contributor-heatley"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Clinical Pathology of Herptiles - LafeberVet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"J. Jill Heatley, MS, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice, Reptile &amp; Amphibian Practice), DACZM presented this live, interactive webinar. View the RACE-approved webinar recording, then take the brief quiz to earn 1 hour of continuing education credit. Clinicopathologic evaluation of reptiles and amphibians is useful for health assessment and monitoring. There are specific considerations when evaluating data from this taxonomic group, including sex, age, time of year\/season, reproductive status, diet, captive versus wild, geographic location, methodology, and anticoagulant. In this informative webinar Dr. Heatley discussed hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis features of reptiles and amphibians as well as the clinical relevance of test results.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-pathology-of-herptiles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Clinical Pathology of Herptiles - LafeberVet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"J. Jill Heatley, MS, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice, Reptile &amp; Amphibian Practice), DACZM presented this live, interactive webinar. View the RACE-approved webinar recording, then take the brief quiz to earn 1 hour of continuing education credit. Clinicopathologic evaluation of reptiles and amphibians is useful for health assessment and monitoring. 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In this informative webinar Dr. Heatley discussed hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis features of reptiles and amphibians as well as the clinical relevance of test results.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-pathology-of-herptiles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LafeberVet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-06T16:56:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-12T22:42:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/login.lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-cropped-square.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"J. 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Jill Heatley, MS, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice, Reptile & Amphibian Practice), DACZM presented this live, interactive webinar. View the RACE-approved webinar recording, then take the brief quiz to earn 1 hour of continuing education credit. Clinicopathologic evaluation of reptiles and amphibians is useful for health assessment and monitoring. There are specific considerations when evaluating data from this taxonomic group, including sex, age, time of year\/season, reproductive status, diet, captive versus wild, geographic location, methodology, and anticoagulant. In this informative webinar Dr. Heatley discussed hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis features of reptiles and amphibians as well as the clinical relevance of test results.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-pathology-of-herptiles\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-pathology-of-herptiles\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-pathology-of-herptiles\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-cropped-square.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Reptile-RBCs-Slide-17C-Perry-cropped-square.png","width":700,"height":700,"caption":"reptile RBCs Sean Perry"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/clinical-pathology-of-herptiles\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Clinical Pathology of Herptiles"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/#website","url":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/","name":"LafeberVet","description":"The resource for exotic animal veterinary professionals","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/lafeber.com\/vet\/#\/schema\/person\/e0f563ddf75cc90707ca40a0f2f099b8","name":"J. Jill Heatley, MS, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice, Reptile &amp; Amphibian Practice), DACZM","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9ae16658948ff0f6310d22354b973939e65d97e8fa8375ac03e70436e78668fa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9ae16658948ff0f6310d22354b973939e65d97e8fa8375ac03e70436e78668fa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9ae16658948ff0f6310d22354b973939e65d97e8fa8375ac03e70436e78668fa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"J. 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