Contributor: Scott Ford, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice)

Article 

Raptor Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Raptors are a diverse group of birds consisting of three taxonomic orders: Strigiformes (owls), Falconiformes (falcons and caracaras), and Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, and remaining families). Although the normal diet of free-living raptors varies considerably among species, all raptors hunt and feed on other animals. Meat and fish-eaters possess unique gastrointestinal characteristics that reflect their predatory lifestyle. This review article begins with unique features of the bill and oropharynx, then describes distinctive features of gastrointestinal tract before concluding with pellet formation and egestion and digestive strategies.

Scott Ford, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice)

Scott Ford owns and operates Avian Veterinary Specialty Services, providing avian veterinary consultation and surgical services, primarily for wildlife projects, throughout North America. He is also an avian consultant for the Veterinary Information Network. Scott earned his DVM from Washington State University in 1998. In 2006 he achieved board certification in avian medicine and surgery through the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners. Dr. Ford also sees avian patients at VCA Milwaukee Emergency Center for Animals in Greenfield, Wisconsin, where he provides advanced medical care, diagnostic, surgical, and emergency services on a part-time basis when not on field work assignments.

Article  Video 

Subcutaneous Fluids in Birds

The subcutaneous route is the most common method of fluid administration in the avian patient. Subcutaneous fluids are an excellent way to provide maintenance fluids or to correct mild dehydration in birds. This video clip and article with still images describe the equipment needed and the technique involved in this supportive care procedure.

Fluids are most commonly given in the inguinal space (crural patagium). With the bird secured by an assistant, have them extend one of the bird’s legs out and to one side. Wet down the area on the inner thigh to see the skin better at a point about halfway between…

Article 

Restraint of Wild Birds

In the best of captive situations, wild birds are still subject to significant stress. This is particularly true during phases of rehabilitation that require frequent capture and treatment. Experience with individual patients will dictate your approach to capture and restraint, but be aware that a slow, careful approach to capture followed by restriction of vision during restraint will generally yield best results.