Dr. Kenneth S. Latimer is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Pathology at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine and a research veterinary clinical pathologist at Covance Laboratories, Inc. in Madison, Wisconsin…
Historically, routine Gram’s stains were performed in apparently healthy birds. As our understanding of avian medicine has grown, avian veterinarians have questioned the reliability and validity of Gram’s stain cytology as a screening test. Cytology is indicated when specific problems are reported during a detailed medical history or when…
