Evaluation of Bird Droppings

Normal bird droppings consist of three components: feces, urine, and urates. Urine and urates are the products of the avian kidney. The medullary or mammalian nephron of the bird kidney produces urine. The more numerous cortical or reptilian nephron produces a soluble form of uric acid or . . .


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References

Bauck L. Abnormal droppings and their workup. Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet 1995. Pp. 455-458.

Hoefer HL. Diseases of the Gastrointestinal tract. In: Altman RB, Clubb SL, Dorrestein GM, Queensberry K (eds). Avian Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1997. Pp. 419-453.

Rich G. Avian diarrheas. Proc Annual Western Veterinary Conference 2007.

Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ and Harrison LR. Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Lake Worth, Fl, Wingers, 1994.

Rupley AE. Manual of Avian Practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1997.

 

To cite this page:

Pollock C. Evaluation of bird droppings. April 4, 2011. LafeberVet Web site. Available at https://lafeber.com/vet/evaluation-of-droppings/