Key Points
- Begin nutritional support only when the patient is warm, alert, and hydrated.
- The bird with gastrointestinal disease should initially be fed a high-energy, low-fiber diet that contains an easily digestible protein source.
- Offer dietary fat judiciously due to the relatively complex digestive process required.
- Look for a diet that contains glutamine: the preferred source of energy and nitrogen for small intestinal mucosal cells.
The gastrointestinal tract acquires and digests food, absorbs nutrients and water, and expels unabsorbed ingesta as feces. Nutritional support of the avian patient with gastrointestinal (GI) disease is challenging. In cats and dogs, it is easy to “rest” the gut, however with their relatively high metabolic rate, this is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve in many avian patients. Specific disease conditions increase the difficulty regulating gastrointestinal motility including ingluvitis (crop stasis . . .
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References
Klapproth JM, Yang VW. Malabsorption. eMedicine. Jan 2, 2007. Accessed June 17, 2007 at http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic1384.htm#section~treatment.
Meier R, Steuerwald M. Place of probiotics. Curr Opin Crit Care 11: p. 318-325, 2005.
Mountzouris KC, Tsirtsikos P, Kalamara E, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities. Poult Sci 86(2): p. 309-17, 2007.
Zora DL. Nutrition and Management of GI Disease. Proc American Board of Veterinary Practitioners 2006
Pollock C. Nutritional management of gastrointestinal disease in the bird. June 18, 2007; reviewed and updated April 15, 2015. LafeberVet Web site. Available at https://lafeber.com/vet/nutritional-management-of-gastrointestinal-disease-in-the-bird/