Physical Examination of the Avian Patient

Key Points

• The basic approach to the avian physical examination is the same as in any other species.
• Nevertheless it is particularly important in birds, and other exotic animals, to glean as many helpful clues as possible from the history and visual or hand’s off exam.
• A minimum 5-10 minute acclimation period prior to the exam may allow the bird to relax. The bird may then display subtle signs of illness or dyspnea that might otherwise be missed.
• Not all birds can undergo the stress of manual restraint and physical exam upon presentation. Supplemental heat in a dark, quiet environment and/or supplemental oxygen may be required to make the bird strong enough to handle even a brief exam.
• Be prepared. Gather all equipment that might be needed beforehand, and make sure the room is secure.
• Follow the same protocol during each physical examination, and take every opportunity to become familiar with the normal bird.
• Key parts of the exam will vary, but generally include a body weight in grams, the oropharynx, crop, sternum, coelom, and vent. The fundus should be routinely evaluated in trauma patients.
• After the exam, most birds of normal weight and health return to their pre-restraint respiratory rate within approximately 2-3 minutes.