Although the rare veterinarian routinely deals with large numbers of waterfowl on a regular basis, many avian veterinarians encounter waterfowl only sporadically as wildlife rehabilitation cases, backyard poultry, and/or zoo specimens. When consulting textbooks for help, often a dizzying array of waterfowl diseases are encountered. Some conditions such as “angel wing” and predator trauma are important in captive populations, while infectious diseases like fowl cholera can cause massive die-offs in free-ranging birds . . .
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References
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Further reading
Alexander DJ, Brown IH. History of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Rev Sci Tech 28(1):19-38, 2009.
Irvine R, Ceeraz V, Cox B, et al. Goose parvovirus in Great Britain. Vet Rec 163(15):461, 2008.
Isanhart JP, Wu H, Pandher K, et al. Behavioral, clinical, and pathological characterization of acid metalliferous water toxicity in mallards. Arch Environ Contam Toxciol 61(4):653-667l 2011.
Katavolos P, Staempfli S, Sears W, et al. The effect of lead poisoning on hematologic and biochemical values in trumpeter swans and Canada geese. Vet Clin Pathol 36(4):341-347, 2007.
Raymundo DL, Von Hohendorf R, Boabaid FM, et al. Outbreak of type C botulism in captive wild birds. J Zoo Wildl Med 43(2):388-390, 2012.
Salguero FJ, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Núñez A, Gómez-Villamandos JC. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes associated with herpesvirus infection in waterfowl. Avian Pathol 31(2):133-140, 2002.
Stipkovits L, Szathmary S. Mycoplasma infection of ducks and geese. Poult Sci 91(11):2812-2819, 2012.
Wang C, Wu Y, Xing X, et al. An outbreak of avian cholera in wild waterfowl in Ordos wetland, Inner Mongolia, China. J Wildl Dis 45(4):1194-1197, 2009.
Woo GH, Kim HY, Bae YC, et al. Outbreak of botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in wild waterfowl: Seoul, Korea. J Wildl Dis 46(3):951-955, 2010.
Pollock C. Waterfowl diseases: A "cheat sheet". December 11, 2012. LafeberVet Web site. Available at https://lafeber.com/vet/waterfowl-diseases-a-cheat-sheet/